STL之算法

一、for_each()遍历算法

​
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void printf_01 (int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

class printf_02
{
	public:
		void operator ()(int a)
		{
			cout<<a<<" ";
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	for(int i=0;i<10;++i)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),printf_01);//第一种,用普通函数实现
	cout<<endl<<"---------------"<<endl;
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),printf_02());//第二种,用仿函数实现
	return 0;
} 

​

二、transform()遍历算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class printf_01
{
	public:
		void operator ()(int a)
		{
			cout<<a<<" "; 
		}
};

class transform_01
{
	public:
		int operator ()(int a)
		{
			return a+100;
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	for(int i=0;i<10;++i)
	{
		v.push_back(i); 
	}
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),printf_01());
	cout<<endl<<"-----------------"<<endl;
	vector<int> v1;
	v1.resize(v.size());
	transform(v.begin(),v.end(),v1.begin(),transform_01());//在使用transform前一定要先 v1.resize(v.size())开辟空间 
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),printf_01());
	return 0;
}

 三、find查找算法

//常规查找
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	for(int i=0;i<10;++i)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	
	vector<int>::iterator it=find(v.begin(),v.end(),5);
	if(it==v.end())
	{
		cout<<"Not find!"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"Find it!"<<" "<<*it<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
} 


//自定义数据类型查找
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <string>
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class student
{
	public:
		student(string m_name,int m_age)
		{
			name=m_name;
			age=m_age;
		}
		bool operator==(const student& stu)//自定义数据类型必须指明查找标准,重载=运算符
		{
			if(age==stu.age&&name==stu.name)
				return true;
			else
				return false;
		}
		int age;
		string name;
};

int main (void)
{
	student stu1("aaa",10);
	student stu2("bbb",20);
	student stu3("ccc",30);
	student stu4("ddd",40);
	student stu5("eee",50);

	vector<student> v;
	v.push_back(stu1);
	v.push_back(stu2);
	v.push_back(stu3);
	v.push_back(stu4);
	v.push_back(stu5);
	
	student stu("ccc",30);
	
	vector<student>::iterator it=find(v.begin(),v.end(),stu);
	if(it==v.end())
	{
		cout<<"Not find!"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"Find it!"<<endl<<"Name:"<<it->name<<" "<<"Age:"<<it->name<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

四、find_if查找算法

//自定义数据查找
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <string>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class student
{
	public:
		student(string m_name,int m_age)
		{
			name=m_name;
			age=m_age;
		}
		int age;
		string name;	
};

class compare
{
	public:
		bool operator()(student stu)
		{
			return stu.age>20;
		}	
};

int main (void)
{
	student stu1("aaa",10);
	student stu2("bbb",20);
	student stu3("ccc",30);
	vector<student> v;
	v.push_back(stu1);
	v.push_back(stu2);
	v.push_back(stu3);
	vector<student>::iterator it=find_if(v.begin(),v.end(),compare());
	if(it!=v.end())
	{
		cout<<"Find it!"<<endl<<"Age:"<<it->age<<" "<<"Name:"<<it->name<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"Not find it!"<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}


//普通查找
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class greatertwo
{
	public:
		bool operator ()(int a)
		{
			return a>20;
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(20);
	v.push_back(30);
	vector<int>::iterator it=find_if(v.begin(),v.end(),greatertwo());
	if(it!=v.end())
	{
		cout<<"Find it!"<<" "<<*it<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"Not find it!"<<endl;
	}
	
	return 0;
}

五、adjacent_find查找相邻且相同元素的算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(4);
	vector<int>::iterator it=adjacent_find(v.begin(),v.end());//adjacent_find()
	if(it==v.end())
	{
		cout<<"Not find it!"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"Find it!"<<endl<<*it<<" "<<*(it++)<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

六、binary_search()查找某个元素是否存在算法(元素递增的等差数列)         

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(4);
	v.push_back(5);
	/*
	v.push_back(5);//如果是这样就错了
	v.push_back(4);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(1);
	*/
	bool a=binary_search(v.begin(),v.end(),3);
	if(a)
	{
		cout<<"Find it!"<<endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"Not find it!"<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

七、count()统计相同个数算法

//统计普通类型
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(2);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(4);
	int a=count(v.begin(),v.end(),1);
	cout<<"The number is:"<<a<<endl;
	return 0;
}

//统计自定义数据类型
# include <iostream>
# include <string>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class student 
{
	public:
		student(string m_name,int m_age)
		{
			name=m_name;
			age=m_age;
		}
		bool operator ==(student stu)//需要重载=运算符
		{
			if(stu.age==age)
				return true;
			else
				return false;
		}
		string name;
		int age;	
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<student> v;
	student stu1("aaa",29);
	student stu2("bbb",29);
	student stu3("ccc",49);
	v.push_back(stu1);
	v.push_back(stu2);
	v.push_back(stu3);

	student stu4("ddd",29);
	
	int num=count(v.begin(),v.end(),stu4);
	cout<<num<<endl;
	return 0;
}

八、count_if按照条件查找


//普通查找
# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

class compare
{
	public:
		bool operator ()(int a)
		{
			return a>2;
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(1);
	v.push_back(3);
	v.push_back(4);
	v.push_back(4);
	int num=count_if(v.begin(),v.end(),compare());
	cout<<num<<endl;
	return 0;
}

//自定义数据类型的查找
# include <iostream>
# include <string>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class student
{
	public:
		student(string m_name,int m_age)
		{
			name=m_name;
			age=m_age;
		}
		string name;
		int age;	
};

class compare
{
	public:
		bool operator ()(const student stu)
		{
			return stu.age>25;
		}	
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<student> v;
	student stu1("aaa",30);
	student stu2("bbb",20);
	student stu3("ccc",30);
	v.push_back(stu1);
	v.push_back(stu2);
	v.push_back(stu3);
	int num=count_if(v.begin(),v.end(),compare());
	cout<<num<<endl;
	return 0;
}

九、sort排序算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
# include <functional>

using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	v.push_back(10);
	v.push_back(30);
	v.push_back(20);
	sort(v.begin(),v.end());
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl<<"------------"<<endl;
	sort(v.begin(),v.end(),greater<int>());
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十、random_shuffle洗牌算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>
# include <ctime>		//time()函数所在库(或者"time.h")
# include <stdlib.h>		//rand()函数和srand()函数所在库
using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	srand(time(NULL));//加入随机数种子,使每次洗牌算法执行结果不同
	vector<int> v;
	for(int i=0;i<10;++i)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl<<"----------------------"<<endl;
	random_shuffle(v.begin(),v.end());
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十一、merge合并容器算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

class myprintf
{
	public:
		void operator ()(int a)
		{
			cout<<a<<" ";
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<int> v2;
	for(int i=0;i<10;++i)//v1和v2必须都是升序
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i+1);
	}
	vector<int> v3;
	v3.resize(v1.size()+v2.size());
	merge(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v3.begin());
	for_each(v3.begin(),v3.end(),myprintf());
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
} 

十二、reverse翻转算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector>
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v;
	for(int i=1;i<=5;++i)
	{
		v.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	reverse(v.begin(),v.end());
	for_each(v.begin(),v.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

 十三、copy拷贝算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for(int i=1;i<=5;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	vector<int> v2;
	v2.resize(v1.size());
	copy(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin());
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十四、replace替换算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for(int i=1;i<=5;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	replace(v1.begin(),v1.end(),3,3000);
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十五、replace_if条件替换

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

class compare
{
	public:
		bool operator ()(int a)
		{
			return a>=3;
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for(int i=1;i<=5;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	replace_if(v1.begin(),v1.end(),compare(),3000);
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十六、 swap交换算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

class compare
{
	public:
		bool operator ()(int a)
		{
			return a>=3;
		}
};

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<int> v2;
	for(int i=1;i<=5;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i+10);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl<<"----------------"<<endl;
	swap(v1,v2);//swap进行交换,但v1和v2都必须是同种类型的容器 
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprintf);
	return 0;
}

十七、accumulate累加算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <numeric>//用accumulate()累加时要加上头文件
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int i=0;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
	++i;
	if(i%10==0)
	{
		cout<<endl;
	}
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for(int i=1;i<=100;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	int sum=accumulate(v1.begin(),v1.end(),0); 
	cout<<"The sum is:"<<sum<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十八、fill后期填充算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int i=0;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
	++i;
	if(i%10==0)
	{
		cout<<endl;
	}
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	for(int i=1;i<=10;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	fill(v1.begin(),v1.end(),500);
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	return 0;
}

十九、set_intersection()求交集算法

注意:容器必须是有序的升序序列

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<int> v2;
	vector<int> v3;
	for(int i=1;i<=10;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i+5);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"-----------------------"<<endl;
	v3.reserve(min(v1.size(),v2.size()));//min()是用来求v1和v2两个容器中最小空间的算法,包含在algorithm里面 
	vector<int>::iterator it=set_intersection(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v3.begin());
	for_each(v3.begin(),it,myprintf);//这里不能用v3.end()应该用it,试试就知道为啥了 
	return 0;
}

二十、set_union()求并集算法

注意:容器必须是有序的升序序列

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<int> v2;
	vector<int> v3;
	for(int i=1;i<=10;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i+5);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"-----------------------"<<endl;
	v3.reserve(v1.size()+v2.size());//min()是用来求v1和v2两个容器中最小空间的算法,包含在algorithm里面 
	vector<int>::iterator it=set_union(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v3.begin());
	for_each(v3.begin(),it,myprintf);//这里不能用v3.end()应该用it,试试就知道为啥了 
	return 0;
}

二十一、set_difference求差集算法

# include <iostream>
# include <vector> 
# include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void myprintf(int a)
{
	cout<<a<<" ";
}

int main (void)
{
	vector<int> v1;
	vector<int> v2;
	vector<int> v3;
	for(int i=1;i<=10;++i)
	{
		v1.push_back(i);
		v2.push_back(i+5);
	}
	for_each(v1.begin(),v1.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	for_each(v2.begin(),v2.end(),myprintf);
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"-----------------------"<<endl;
	v3.reserve(max(v1.size(),v2.size()));//max()是用来求v1和v2两个容器中最大空间的算法,包含在algorithm里面 

	vector<int>::iterator it=set_difference(v1.begin(),v1.end(),v2.begin(),v2.end(),v3.begin());
	cout<<"v1和v2的差集是:"<<endl; 
	for_each(v3.begin(),it,myprintf);//这里不能用v3.end()应该用it,试试就知道为啥了 

	cout<<endl;

	it=set_difference(v2.begin(),v2.end(),v1.begin(),v1.end(),v3.begin());
	cout<<"v2和v1的差集是:"<<endl; 
	for_each(v3.begin(),it,myprintf);

	return 0;
}

       

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