RHCE题库

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-12 11:00:08 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-12 11:00:08 发布

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文章标签： ansible

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_58733916/article/details/127721399

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这篇博客详细介绍了如何使用Ansible在RHCE环境中进行配置，包括安装和配置Ansible，创建和运行临时命令，安装软件包，使用RHEL系统角色，安装和使用外部角色，创建自定义角色，管理逻辑卷，生成主机文件，修改文件内容，创建Web内容目录，生成硬件报告，创建密码库，创建用户账户以及更新Ansible库的密钥。

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RHCE题库

环境准备

1、
[kiosk@foundation ~]$ virt-manager
[kiosk@foundation ~]$ rht-vmctl reset all
输入y确认重置所有主机
[kiosk@foundation ~]$ ssh -X root@workstation
[root@workstation ~]# dnf install -y ansible
[root@workstation ~]# vim /etc/sudoers.d/student
student ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
[root@workstation ~]# for i in server{a…d} bastion
do scp /etc/sudoers.d/student root@$i:/etc/sudoers.d/
done

2、更改workstation、servera、serverb、serverc、serverd、bastion
主机的/etc/hosts文件，把文件中content.example.com对应的ip改为172.25.254.250
[root@workstation ~]# for i in server{a…d} bastion
do scp /etc/hosts root@$i:/etc/hosts
done

3、使用xshell将考试环境需要的那些文件都上传到/content/目录下

4、关闭bastion的httpd服务
ssh root@bastion
systemctl stop httpd
systemctl disable httpd

1、安装和配置Ansible
按照下方所述，在控制节点workstation.lab.example.com 上安装和配置Ansible：
安装所需的软件包
创建名为/home/student/ansible/inventory的静态清单文件, 以满足以下需求:
servera是dev主机组的成员
serverb是test主机组的成员
serverc和serverd是prod主机组的成员
bastion是balancers主机组的成员
prod组是webservers主机组的成员
创建名为/home/student/ansible/ansible.cfg的配置文件, 以满足以下要求:
主机清单文件为/home/student/ansible/inventory
playbook中使用的角色的位置包括/home/student/ansible/roles

解答:

[root@foundation0 ~]# ssh student@workstation
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
[student@workstation ansible]$ cp /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg .
[student@workstation ansible]$ ls
ansible.cfg
[student@workstation ansible]$ mkdir roles

inventory      = /home/student/ansible/inventory
remote_user     = student
···
roles_path    = /home/student/ansible/roles
host_key_checking = False
···
[privilege_escalation]
become=True
become_method=sudo
become_user=root
become_ask_pass=False    

[student@workstation ansible]$ vim inventory
[dev]
servera
[test]
serverb
[prod]
serverc
serverd
[balancers]
bastion
[webservers:children]
prod

验证：
[student@workstation ansible]$ ansible  all  -m  ping
serverd | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
serverc | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
bastion | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
serverb | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}
servera | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
}

2、创建和运行Ansible临时命令
作为系统管理员, 您需要在受管节点上安装软件.
请按照下方所述, 创建一个名为/home/student/ansible/adhoc.sh的shell脚本,
该脚本将使用Ansible临时命令在各个受管节点上安装yum存储库:
存储库1:
存储库的名称为 rh294_BASE
描述为 rh294 base software
基础URL为 http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/BaseOS
GPG签名检查为启用状态
GPG密钥URL为 http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
存储库为开启状态
存储库2:
存储库的名称为 rh294_STREAM
描述为 rh294 stream software
基础URL为 http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/AppStream
GPG签名检查为启用状态
GPG密钥URL为 http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
存储库为开启状态

解答：

[student@workstation ansible]$ vim adhoc.sh 
[student@workstation ansible]$ cat adhoc.sh 
#!/bin/bash
ansible all -m you_repository -a 'file=server name=rh294_BASE description="rh294 base software" baseurl=http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/BaseOS gpgcheck=yes  gpgkey=http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release enabled=yes"'
ansible all -m you_repository -a 'file=server name=rh294_STREAM description="rh294 stream software" baseurl=http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/AppStream gpgcheck=yes gpgkey=http://content.example.com/rhel8.0/x86_64/dvd/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release enabled=yes' 
[student@workstation ansible]$ chmod +x adhoc.sh 
[student@workstation ansible]$ ./adhoc.sh 
serverb | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_BASE",
    "state": "present"
}
servera | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_BASE",
    "state": "present"
}
bastion | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_BASE",
    "state": "present"
}
serverc | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_BASE",
    "state": "present"
}
serverd | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_BASE",
    "state": "present"
}
servera | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_STREAM",
    "state": "present"
}
serverc | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_STREAM",
    "state": "present"
}
serverb | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_STREAM",
    "state": "present"
}
serverd | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_STREAM",
    "state": "present"
}
bastion | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": false,
    "repo": "rh294_STREAM",
    "state": "present"
}

3、安装软件包
创建一个名为 /home/student/ansible/packages.yml的 playbook：
将 php 和 mariadb 软件包安装到 dev、test 和 prod 主机组中的主机上
将 RPM Development Tools 软件包组安装到 dev主机组中的主机上
将 dev 主机组中主机上的所有软件包更新为最新版本

解答：

[student@workstation ansible]$ vim packages.yml
[student@workstation ansible]$ cat packages.yml 
---
- name: install php mariadb
  hosts: dev,test,prod
  tasks: 
    - name: install php mariadb
      yum: 
        name: 
          - php 
          - mariadb
        state: present

- name: install RPM
  hosts: dev
  tasks: 
    - name: yum RPM
      yum: 
        name: "@RPM Development Tools"
        state: present 

    - name: update all packages
      yum: 
        name: '*'
        state: latest
[student@workstation ansible]$ ansible-playbook packages.yml 

PLAY [install php mariadb] **************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************
ok: [serverc]
ok: [serverd]
ok: [servera]
ok: [serverb]

TASK [install php mariadb] **************************************************************************
changed: [serverd]
changed: [serverc]
changed: [serverb]
changed: [servera]

PLAY [install RPM] **********************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ******************************************************************************
ok: [servera]

TASK [yum RPM] **************************************************************************************
changed: [servera]

TASK [update all packages] **************************************************************************
ok: [servera]

PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************************************
servera                    : ok=5    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
serverb                    : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
serverc                    : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
serverd                    : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

4、使用RHEL系统角色
安装 RHEL 系统角色软件包，并创建符合以下条件的playbook /home/student/ansible/timesync.yml：
在所有受管节点上运行
使用 timesync 角色
配置该角色，以使用当前有效的 NTP 提供商
配置该角色，以使用时间服务器 classroom.example.com
配置该角色，以启用 iburst 参数

解答：

[student@workstation ansible]$ sudo yum install -y rhel-system-roles
[student@workstation ansible]$ cd roles/
[student@workstation roles]$ cp -r /usr/share/ansible/roles/rhel-system-roles.timesync/ timesync
[student@workstation roles]$ ls
timesync
[student@workstation roles]$ cd ..
[student@workstation ansible]$ vim timesync.yml
[student@workstation ansible]$ cat timesync.yml 
---
- name: set time
  hosts: all 
  vars: 
    timesync_ntp_servers: 
      - hostname: classroom.example.com
        iburst: yes
  roles: 
    - timesync
[student@workstation ansible]$ ansible-playbook timesync.yml

5、使用Ansible Galaxy安装角色
使用 Ansible Galaxy 和要求文件 /home/student/ansible/roles/requirements.yml，从以下 URL 下载角色并安装到 /home/student/ansible/roles：
http://content.example.com/haproxy.tar.gz 此角色的名称应当为 balancer
http://content.example.com/phpinfo.tar.gz 此角色的名称应当为 phpinfo

解答：

[student@workstation roles]$ vim requirements.yml
[student@workstation roles]$ cat requirements.yml 
---
- name: balancer
  src: http://content.example.com/haproxy.tar.gz
- name: phpinfo
  src: http://content.example.com/phpinfo.tar.gz
[student@workstation roles]$ ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml -p .
- downloading role from http://content.example.com/haproxy.tar.gz
- extracting balancer to /home/student/ansible/roles/balancer
- balancer was installed successfully
- downloading role from http://content.example.com/phpinfo.tar.gz
- extracting phpinfo to /home/student/ansible/roles/phpinfo
- phpinfo was installed successfully
[student@workstation roles]$ ls
balancer  phpinfo  requirements.yml  selinux  timesync

6、创建和使用角色
根据下列要求，在/home/student/ansible/roles中创建名为apache的角色：
httpd软件包已安装，设为在系统启动时启用并启动
防火墙已启用并正在运行，并使用允许访问Web服务器的规则
模板文件 index.html.j2 已存在，用于创建具有以下输出的文件/var/www/html/index.html：
Welcome to HOSTNAME on IPADDRESS
其中，HOSTNAME是受管节点的完全限定域名，IPADDRESS则是受管节点的IP地址。
按照下方所述，创建一个使用此角色的playbook /home/student/ansible/newrole.yml：
该playbook在webservers主机组中的主机上运行

解答：

[student@workstation roles]$ cat apache/tasks/main.yml 
---
# tasks file for apache
- name: install httpd firewalld
  yum: 
    name: 
      - httpd
      - firewalld
    state: present

- name: cp template
  template: 
    src: index.html.j2
    dest: /var/www/html/index.html 

- name: restart httpd
  service: 
    name: httpd
    state: restarted
    enabled: yes 

- name: restart firewalld
  service: 
    name: firewalld
    state: restarted
    enabled: yes

- name: firewalld for http
  firewalld: 
    service: http
    state: enabled
    permanent: yes
    imme