PyTorch学习4：用PyTorch实现线性回归

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前言

介绍如何利用PyTorch提供的工具实现线性模型的训练过程

一、PyTorch实现线性规划的步骤

1.准备数据集
2.设计模型，用于计算预测值（利用nn.Module）
3.构造损失函数和优化器（利用PyTorch API）
4.训练周期（前馈，反馈，更新）

二、示例

1.说明

需要创建模型类
创建损失和优化器
criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss(size_average = False)
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)
更新参数
optimizer.step()

2.代码示例

import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# prepare dataset
# x,y是矩阵，3行1列 也就是说总共有3个数据，每个数据只有1个特征
x_data = torch.tensor([[1.0], [2.0], [3.0]])
y_data = torch.tensor([[2.0], [4.0], [6.0]])

# design model using class
"""
our model class should be inherit from nn.Module, which is base class for all neural network modules.
member methods __init__() and forward() have to be implemented
class nn.linear contain two member Tensors: weight and bias
class nn.Linear has implemented the magic method __call__(),which enable the instance of the class can
be called just like a function.Normally the forward() will be called 
"""


class LinearModel(torch.nn.Module): #继承nn.Module类
    def __init__(self):
        super(LinearModel, self).__init__()
        # (1,1)是指输入x和输出y的特征维度，这里数据集中的x和y的特征都是1维的
        # 该线性层需要学习的参数是w和b  获取w/b的方式分别是~linear.weight/linear.bias
        self.linear = torch.nn.Linear(1, 1)

    def forward(self, x):
        y_pred = self.linear(x)
        return y_pred


model = LinearModel()

# construct loss and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss(size_average = False)

optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)
epoch_list = []
loss_list = []
# training cycle forward, backward, update
for epoch in range(1000):
    y_pred = model(x_data)  # forward:predict
    loss = criterion(y_pred, y_data)  # forward: loss
    print(epoch, loss.item())
    epoch_list.append(epoch)
    loss_list.append(loss.item())

    optimizer.zero_grad()  # the grad computer by .backward() will be accumulated. so before backward, remember set the grad to zero
    loss.backward()  # backward: autograd，自动计算梯度
    optimizer.step()  # update 参数，即更新w和b的值

print('w = ', model.linear.weight.item())
print('b = ', model.linear.bias.item())

x_test = torch.tensor([[4.0]])
y_test = model(x_test)
print('y_pred = ', y_test.data)
plt.plot(epoch_list, loss_list)
plt.ylabel('loss')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.show()

得到如下结果

总结

PyTorch学习4：用PyTorch实现线性回归