一.两角和与差
cos ( α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β \cos(\alpha-\beta)=\cos\alpha\cos\beta+\sin\alpha\sin\beta cos(α−β)=cosαcosβ+sinαsinβ | cos ( α + β ) = cos α cos β − sin α sin β \cos(\alpha+\beta)=\cos\alpha\cos\beta-\sin\alpha\sin\beta cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ−sinαsinβ |
---|---|
sin ( α − β ) = sin α cos β − cos α sin β \sin(\alpha-\beta)=\sin\alpha\cos\beta-\cos\alpha\sin\beta sin(α−β)=sinαcosβ−cosαsinβ | sin ( α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β \sin(\alpha+\beta)=\sin\alpha\cos\beta+\cos\alpha\sin\beta sin(α+β)=sinαcosβ+cosαsinβ |
tan ( α − β ) = tan α − tan β 1 + tan α tan β \tan(\alpha-\beta)=\frac{\tan\alpha-\tan\beta}{1+\tan\alpha\tan\beta} tan(α−β)=1+tanαtanβtanα−tanβ | tan ( α + β ) = tan α + tan β 1 − tan α tan β \tan(\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan\alpha+\tan\beta}{1-\tan\alpha\tan\beta} tan(α+β)=1−tanαtanβtanα+tanβ |
例题1:
cos
15
°
\cos15°
cos15° =
cos
(
45
°
−
30
°
)
\cos(45°-30°)
cos(45°−30°) =
cos
45
°
cos
30
°
+
sin
45
°
sin
30
°
\cos45°\cos30°+\sin45°\sin30°
cos45°cos30°+sin45°sin30° =
2
2
3
2
+
2
2
1
2
\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\frac{1}{2}
2223+2221 =
6
+
2
4
\frac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{4}
46+2
cos 15 ° \cos15° cos15° = sin 75 ° \sin75° sin75° = 6 + 2 4 \frac{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{4} 46+2
sin
15
°
\sin15°
sin15° =
cos
75
°
\cos75°
cos75° =
6
−
2
4
\frac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{4}
46−2
\quad
\quad
例题2: 已知
sin
α
=
4
5
\sin\alpha=\frac{4}{5}
sinα=54,
α
∈
\alpha\in
α∈ (
π
2
\frac{π}{2}
2π, π),
cos
β
=
−
5
13
\cos\beta=-\frac{5}{13}
cosβ=−135,
β
\beta
β是第三象限角, 求
cos
(
α
−
β
)
\cos(\alpha-\beta)
cos(α−β)的值
解:
cos
α
=
±
1
−
sin
2
α
\cos\alpha=\pm\sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}
cosα=±1−sin2α =
±
3
5
\pm\frac{3}{5}
±53
∵
\because
∵
α
∈
\alpha\in
α∈ (
π
2
\frac{π}{2}
2π, π) 属于第二象限角
∴
\therefore
∴
cos
α
\cos\alpha
cosα =
−
3
5
-\frac{3}{5}
−53
sin
β
=
±
1
−
cos
2
β
\sin\beta=\pm\sqrt{1-\cos^2\beta}
sinβ=±1−cos2β =
±
\pm
±
12
13
\frac{12}{13}
1312
∵
\because
∵
β
\beta
β是第三象限角
∴
\therefore
∴
sin
β
=
−
12
13
\sin\beta=-\frac{12}{13}
sinβ=−1312
cos ( α − β ) = cos α cos β + sin α sin β \cos(\alpha-\beta)=\cos\alpha\cos\beta+\sin\alpha\sin\beta cos(α−β)=cosαcosβ+sinαsinβ = − 33 65 -\frac{33}{65} −6533
\quad
\quad
例题3: 求解
sin
20
°
cos
10
°
−
cos
160
°
sin
10
°
\sin20°\cos10°-\cos160°\sin10°
sin20°cos10°−cos160°sin10°
=>
sin
20
°
cos
10
°
−
cos
(
π
−
20
°
)
sin
10
°
\sin20°\cos10°-\cos(π-20°)\sin10°
sin20°cos10°−cos(π−20°)sin10°
=>
sin
20
°
cos
10
°
+
cos
20
°
sin
10
°
\sin20°\cos10°+\cos20°\sin10°
sin20°cos10°+cos20°sin10°
=>
sin
30
°
\sin30°
sin30°
=>
1
2
\frac{1}{2}
21
\quad
\quad
例题4: 已知
sin
α
=
−
3
5
\sin\alpha=-\frac{3}{5}
sinα=−53,
α
\alpha
α是第四象限角, 求
sin
(
π
4
−
α
)
,
cos
(
π
4
+
α
)
,
tan
(
α
−
π
4
)
\sin(\frac{π}{4}-\alpha),\cos(\frac{π}{4}+\alpha),\tan(\alpha-\frac{π}{4})
sin(4π−α),cos(4π+α),tan(α−4π)的值
解:
cos
α
=
±
1
−
sin
2
α
\cos\alpha=\pm\sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}
cosα=±1−sin2α =
±
4
5
\pm\frac{4}{5}
±54
tan
α
\tan\alpha
tanα =
±
3
4
\pm\frac{3}{4}
±43
∵
\because
∵
α
\alpha
α是第四象限角
∴
\therefore
∴
tan
α
\tan\alpha
tanα =
−
3
4
-\frac{3}{4}
−43,
cos
α
\cos\alpha
cosα =
4
5
\frac{4}{5}
54
sin
(
π
4
−
α
)
\sin(\frac{π}{4}-\alpha)
sin(4π−α) =
sin
π
4
cos
α
−
cos
π
4
sin
α
\sin\frac{π}{4}\cos\alpha-\cos\frac{π}{4}\sin\alpha
sin4πcosα−cos4πsinα =
7
2
10
\frac{7\sqrt{2}}{10}
1072
cos ( π 4 + α ) \cos(\frac{π}{4}+\alpha) cos(4π+α) = cos π 4 cos α − sin π 4 sin α \cos\frac{π}{4}\cos\alpha-\sin\frac{π}{4}\sin\alpha cos4πcosα−sin4πsinα = 7 2 10 \frac{7\sqrt{2}}{10} 1072
tan α − tan π 4 1 + tan α tan π 4 \frac{\tan\alpha-\tan\frac{π}{4}}{1+\tan\alpha\tan\frac{π}{4}} 1+tanαtan4πtanα−tan4π = -7
\quad
\quad
例题5:
(1)
cos
20
°
cos
70
°
−
sin
20
°
sin
70
°
\cos20°\cos70°-\sin20°\sin70°
cos20°cos70°−sin20°sin70°
=>
cos
(
20
°
+
70
°
)
\cos(20°+70°)
cos(20°+70°)
=>
cos
90
°
\cos90°
cos90°
=>0
\quad
(2)
1
+
tan
15
°
1
−
tan
15
°
\frac{1+\tan15°}{1-\tan15°}
1−tan15°1+tan15°
=>
tan
(
45
°
+
15
°
)
\tan(45°+15°)
tan(45°+15°)
=>
tan
60
°
\tan60°
tan60°
=>
3
\sqrt{3}
3
\quad
\quad
例题6: 已知
α
\alpha
α是锐角,
sin
α
=
3
5
\sin\alpha=\frac{3}{5}
sinα=53, 则
cos
(
π
4
+
α
)
\cos(\frac{π}{4}+\alpha)
cos(4π+α)等于___
∵
\because
∵
α
\alpha
α是锐角,
sin
α
\sin\alpha
sinα为正
∴
\therefore
∴
α
\alpha
α在第一象限
cos
α
\cos\alpha
cosα =
1
−
sin
2
α
\sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}
1−sin2α =
4
5
\frac{4}{5}
54
cos
(
π
4
+
α
)
\cos(\frac{π}{4}+\alpha)
cos(4π+α) =
2
10
\frac{\sqrt{2}}{10}
102
\quad
\quad
例题7(妙): 已知锐角
α
,
β
\alpha,\beta
α,β 满足
cos
α
=
3
5
\cos\alpha = \frac{3}{5}
cosα=53,
cos
(
α
+
β
)
=
−
5
13
\cos(\alpha+\beta)=-\frac{5}{13}
cos(α+β)=−135, 则
cos
β
\cos\beta
cosβ等于_____
依题意得:
α
\alpha
α在第一象限,
α
\alpha
α+
β
\beta
β在第二象限
sin
α
\sin\alpha
sinα =
1
−
cos
2
α
\sqrt{1-\cos^2\alpha}
1−cos2α =
4
5
\frac{4}{5}
54
sin
(
α
+
β
)
\sin(\alpha+\beta)
sin(α+β) =
12
13
\frac{12}{13}
1312
cos
β
\cos\beta
cosβ =
cos
[
(
α
+
β
)
−
α
]
\cos[(\alpha+\beta)-\alpha]
cos[(α+β)−α] =
cos
(
α
+
β
)
cos
α
+
sin
(
α
+
β
)
sin
α
\cos(\alpha+\beta)\cos\alpha+\sin(\alpha+\beta)\sin\alpha
cos(α+β)cosα+sin(α+β)sinα =
33
65
\frac{33}{65}
6533
\quad
\quad
例题8: 已知
tan
α
=
1
7
,
sin
β
=
10
10
\tan\alpha=\frac{1}{7},\sin\beta=\frac{\sqrt{10}}{10}
tanα=71,sinβ=1010, 且
α
,
β
\alpha,\beta
α,β为锐角, 求
α
+
2
β
\alpha+2\beta
α+2β的值
依题意得:
α
,
β
\alpha,\beta
α,β都在第一象限
cos
β
=
1
−
sin
2
β
=
3
10
10
\cos\beta=\sqrt{1-\sin^2\beta}=\frac{3\sqrt{10}}{10}
cosβ=1−sin2β=10310
tan
β
=
1
3
\tan\beta=\frac{1}{3}
tanβ=31
tan
(
α
+
β
)
\tan(\alpha+\beta)
tan(α+β) =
tan
α
+
tan
β
1
−
tan
α
tan
β
\frac{\tan\alpha+\tan\beta}{1-\tan\alpha\tan\beta}
1−tanαtanβtanα+tanβ =
1
2
\frac{1}{2}
21
tan ( α + 2 β ) = tan [ ( α + β ) + β ] \tan(\alpha+2\beta)=\tan[(\alpha+\beta)+\beta] tan(α+2β)=tan[(α+β)+β] = tan ( α + β ) + tan β 1 − tan ( α + β ) tan β = 1 \frac{\tan(\alpha+\beta)+\tan\beta}{1-\tan(\alpha+\beta)\tan\beta}=1 1−tan(α+β)tanβtan(α+β)+tanβ=1
∴ \therefore ∴ α + 2 β \alpha+2\beta α+2β = π 4 \frac{π}{4} 4π
\quad
\quad
二. 二倍角公式
sin 2 α = 2 sin α cos α \sin2\alpha=2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha sin2α=2sinαcosα
cos 2 α = cos 2 α − sin 2 α \cos2\alpha=\cos^2\alpha-\sin^2\alpha cos2α=cos2α−sin2α
cos 2 α = 1 − 2 sin 2 α \cos2\alpha=1-2\sin^2\alpha cos2α=1−2sin2α
cos 2 α = 2 cos 2 α − 1 \cos2\alpha=2\cos^2\alpha-1 cos2α=2cos2α−1
tan 2 α = 2 tan α 1 − tan 2 α \tan2\alpha=\frac{2\tan\alpha}{1-\tan^2\alpha} tan2α=1−tan2α2tanα
\quad
\quad
例题9:
(1) 已知
α
∈
(
π
2
,
π
)
\alpha\in(\frac{π}{2}, π)
α∈(2π,π),
sin
α
=
5
5
\sin\alpha=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}
sinα=55, 则
sin
2
α
\sin2\alpha
sin2α,
cos
2
α
\cos2\alpha
cos2α,
tan
2
α
\tan2\alpha
tan2α分别为多少
依题意得:
α
\alpha
α在第二象限
cos
α
=
1
−
sin
2
α
=
−
2
5
5
\cos\alpha=\sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}=-\frac{2\sqrt{5}}{5}
cosα=1−sin2α=−525
tan
α
=
−
1
2
\tan\alpha=-\frac{1}{2}
tanα=−21
sin
2
α
=
2
sin
α
cos
α
=
−
4
5
\sin2\alpha=2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha=-\frac{4}{5}
sin2α=2sinαcosα=−54
cos
2
α
=
1
−
2
sin
2
α
=
3
5
\cos2\alpha=1-2\sin^2\alpha=\frac{3}{5}
cos2α=1−2sin2α=53
tan
2
α
=
2
tan
α
1
−
tan
2
α
=
−
4
3
\tan2\alpha=\frac{2\tan\alpha}{1-\tan^2\alpha}=-\frac{4}{3}
tan2α=1−tan2α2tanα=−34
\quad
(2) 已知
sin
(
π
4
−
α
)
=
5
13
\sin(\frac{π}{4}-\alpha)=\frac{5}{13}
sin(4π−α)=135, 0<
α
\alpha
α<
π
4
\frac{π}{4}
4π, 求
cos
2
α
\cos2\alpha
cos2α的值
依题意得:
α
\alpha
α在第一象限
sin
(
π
4
−
α
)
=
sin
π
4
cos
α
−
cos
π
4
sin
α
\sin(\frac{π}{4}-\alpha)=\sin\frac{π}{4}\cos\alpha-\cos\frac{π}{4}\sin\alpha
sin(4π−α)=sin4πcosα−cos4πsinα =
5
13
\frac{5}{13}
135
=>
2
2
(
cos
α
−
sin
α
)
=
5
13
\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}(\cos\alpha-\sin\alpha)=\frac{5}{13}
22(cosα−sinα)=135
=>
(
cos
α
−
sin
α
)
2
=
50
169
(\cos\alpha-\sin\alpha)^2=\frac{50}{169}
(cosα−sinα)2=16950
=>
2
sin
α
cos
α
2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha
2sinαcosα =
119
169
\frac{119}{169}
169119
\quad
\quad
例题10: 已知
sin
2
α
=
5
13
,
π
4
<
α
<
π
2
\sin2\alpha=\frac{5}{13},\frac{π}{4}<\alpha<\frac{π}{2}
sin2α=135,4π<α<2π, 求
sin
4
α
,
cos
4
α
,
tan
4
α
\sin4\alpha,\cos4\alpha,\tan4\alpha
sin4α,cos4α,tan4α的值
解:
π
4
<
α
<
π
2
\frac{π}{4}<\alpha<\frac{π}{2}
4π<α<2π
π
2
<
2
α
<
π
\frac{π}{2}<2\alpha<π
2π<2α<π 第二象限
cos
2
α
=
1
−
sin
2
2
α
=
−
12
13
\cos2\alpha=\sqrt{1-\sin^22\alpha}=-\frac{12}{13}
cos2α=1−sin22α=−1312
sin 4 α = 2 sin 2 α cos 2 α = − 120 169 \sin4\alpha=2\sin2\alpha\cos2\alpha=-\frac{120}{169} sin4α=2sin2αcos2α=−169120
cos 4 α = cos 2 2 α − sin 2 2 α = 119 169 \cos4\alpha=\cos^22\alpha-\sin^22\alpha=\frac{119}{169} cos4α=cos22α−sin22α=169119
tan 4 α = 2 tan 2 α 1 − tan 2 2 α = − 120 119 \tan4\alpha=\frac{2\tan2\alpha}{1-\tan^22\alpha}=-\frac{120}{119} tan4α=1−tan22α2tan2α=−119120
\quad
\quad
三. 半角公式
sin α 2 = ± 1 − cos α 2 \sin\frac{\alpha}{2}=\pm\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\alpha}{2}} sin2α=±21−cosα
cos α 2 = ± 1 + cos α 2 \cos\frac{\alpha}{2}=\pm\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos\alpha}{2}} cos2α=±21+cosα
tan α 2 = sin α 1 + cos α = 1 − cos α sin α \tan\frac{\alpha}{2}=\frac{\sin\alpha}{1+\cos\alpha}=\frac{1-\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha} tan2α=1+cosαsinα=sinα1−cosα
\quad
tan α 2 = ± 1 − cos α 1 + cos α \tan\frac{\alpha}{2}=\pm\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\alpha}{1+\cos\alpha}} tan2α=±1+cosα1−cosα
\quad
\quad
例题11: 求证
sin
α
cos
β
=
1
2
[
sin
(
α
+
β
)
+
sin
(
α
−
β
)
]
\sin\alpha\cos\beta=\frac{1}{2}[\sin(\alpha+\beta)+\sin(\alpha-\beta)]
sinαcosβ=21[sin(α+β)+sin(α−β)]
2
sin
α
cos
β
=
sin
α
cos
β
+
cos
α
sin
β
+
sin
α
cos
β
−
cos
α
sin
β
2\sin\alpha\cos\beta=\sin\alpha\cos\beta+\cos\alpha\sin\beta+\sin\alpha\cos\beta-\cos\alpha\sin\beta
2sinαcosβ=sinαcosβ+cosαsinβ+sinαcosβ−cosαsinβ
2
sin
α
cos
β
2\sin\alpha\cos\beta
2sinαcosβ =
2
sin
α
cos
β
2\sin\alpha\cos\beta
2sinαcosβ
\quad
\quad
例题12:
(1)已知
cos
α
=
3
5
,
α
∈
(
3
2
π
,
2
π
)
,
则
sin
α
2
\cos\alpha=\frac{3}{5},\alpha\in(\frac{3}{2}π,2π),则\sin\frac{\alpha}{2}
cosα=53,α∈(23π,2π),则sin2α等于____
解:
α
∈
(
3
2
π
,
2
π
)
\alpha\in(\frac{3}{2}π,2π)
α∈(23π,2π)
α
2
∈
(
3
4
π
,
π
)
\frac{\alpha}{2}\in(\frac{3}{4}π,π)
2α∈(43π,π) 第二象限
sin
α
2
=
1
−
cos
α
2
=
5
5
\sin\frac{\alpha}{2}=\sqrt{\frac{1-\cos\alpha}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}
sin2α=21−cosα=55
(2)已知
sin
α
−
cos
α
=
−
5
4
,
则
sin
2
α
\sin\alpha-\cos\alpha=-\frac{5}{4},则\sin2\alpha
sinα−cosα=−45,则sin2α的值等于____
−
9
16
-\frac{9}{16}
−169
\quad
\quad
例题13: 求证:
4
sin
α
cos
2
α
2
=
2
sin
α
+
sin
2
α
4\sin\alpha\cos^2\frac{\alpha}{2}=2\sin\alpha+\sin2\alpha
4sinαcos22α=2sinα+sin2α
cos
2
α
2
=
1
+
cos
α
2
\cos^2\frac{\alpha}{2}=\frac{1+\cos\alpha}{2}
cos22α=21+cosα
4
sin
α
(
1
+
cos
α
2
)
=
2
sin
α
+
sin
2
α
4\sin\alpha(\frac{1+\cos\alpha}{2})=2\sin\alpha+\sin2\alpha
4sinα(21+cosα)=2sinα+sin2α
=>
2
sin
α
+
2
sin
α
cos
α
=
2
sin
α
+
sin
2
α
2\sin\alpha+2\sin\alpha\cos\alpha=2\sin\alpha+\sin2\alpha
2sinα+2sinαcosα=2sinα+sin2α
\quad
\quad
四. 辅助角公式
a sin β + b cos β = a 2 + b 2 sin ( β + θ ) a\sin\beta+b\cos\beta=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\sin(\beta+\theta) asinβ+bcosβ=a2+b2sin(β+θ) (其中 tan θ = b a \tan\theta=\frac{b}{a} tanθ=ab)
\quad
\quad
例题14: 求下列函数的最小正周期, 最大值和最小值
(1)
y
=
sin
x
+
3
cos
x
y=\sin x+\sqrt{3}\cos x
y=sinx+3cosx
根据辅助角公式得
原式=
2
sin
(
x
+
π
3
)
2\sin(x+\frac{π}{3})
2sin(x+3π)
T=
2
π
∣
w
∣
=
2
π
\frac{2π}{|w|}=2π
∣w∣2π=2π
值域为[-2,2]
最大值为2,最小值为-2
(2)
y
=
3
sin
x
+
4
cos
x
y=3\sin x+4\cos x
y=3sinx+4cosx
根据辅助角公式得
原式=
5
sin
(
x
+
θ
)
5\sin(x+\theta)
5sin(x+θ)
T=
2
π
∣
w
∣
=
2
π
\frac{2π}{|w|}=2π
∣w∣2π=2π
值域为[-5,5]
最大值为5,最小值为-5
\quad
\quad
例题15: 函数
y
=
3
2
sin
2
x
+
cos
2
x
y=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sin2x+\cos^2x
y=23sin2x+cos2x的最小正周期为____
解: 由二倍角公式得
cos
2
x
=
cos
2
x
+
1
2
\cos^2x=\frac{\cos2x+1}{2}
cos2x=2cos2x+1
原式=
3
2
sin
2
x
+
1
2
cos
2
x
+
1
2
\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sin2x+\frac{1}{2}\cos2x+\frac{1}{2}
23sin2x+21cos2x+21
\quad
=
sin
(
2
x
+
π
6
)
+
1
2
\sin(2x+\frac{π}{6})+\frac{1}{2}
sin(2x+6π)+21
T= 2 π ∣ w ∣ = π \frac{2π}{|w|}=π ∣w∣2π=π
\quad
\quad
例题16: 设5π<
θ
\theta
θ<6π,
cos
θ
2
=
a
,
则
sin
θ
4
\cos\frac{\theta}{2}=a,则\sin\frac{\theta}{4}
cos2θ=a,则sin4θ等于____
依题意得:
5
4
π
<
θ
4
<
3
2
π
\frac{5}{4}π<\frac{\theta}{4}<\frac{3}{2}π
45π<4θ<23π 属于第三象限
sin
θ
4
=
−
1
−
a
2
\sin\frac{\theta}{4}=-\sqrt{\frac{1-a}{2}}
sin4θ=−21−a
\quad
\quad
五. 三角函数模型
y = A sin ( w x + ϕ ) y=A\sin(wx+\phi) y=Asin(wx+ϕ)
A: 影响y轴方向的拉伸和压缩
ω \omega ω: 影响周期(x轴方向的拉伸和压缩)
ϕ \phi ϕ: 影响图像左加右减位移
\quad
\quad
例题17: 将函数
y
=
sin
(
x
−
π
3
)
y=\sin(x-\frac{π}{3})
y=sin(x−3π)的图像上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍, 再将所得图像向左平移
π
3
\frac{π}{3}
3π个单位, 则所得函数图像对应的解析式为_____
sin
(
1
2
x
−
π
3
)
\sin(\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{π}{3})
sin(21x−3π)
||
sin
[
1
2
(
x
+
π
3
)
−
π
3
]
\sin[\frac{1}{2}(x+\frac{π}{3})-\frac{π}{3}]
sin[21(x+3π)−3π]
||
sin
(
1
2
x
−
π
6
)
\sin(\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{π}{6})
sin(21x−6π)
\quad
\quad
例题18: 已知函数
y
=
2
sin
(
2
x
−
π
6
)
y=2\sin(2x-\frac{π}{6})
y=2sin(2x−6π), x
∈
\in
∈R
(1) 写出函数f(x)的对称轴方程、对称中心的坐标及单调区间
2
x
−
π
6
=
π
2
+
k
π
2x-\frac{π}{6}=\frac{π}{2}+kπ
2x−6π=2π+kπ (k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
对称轴:
x
=
π
3
+
k
π
2
x=\frac{π}{3}+\frac{kπ}{2}
x=3π+2kπ (k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
2
x
−
π
6
=
k
π
2x-\frac{π}{6}=kπ
2x−6π=kπ (k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
对称中心: (
π
12
+
π
2
k
\frac{π}{12}+\frac{π}{2}k
12π+2πk, 0)
−
π
2
+
2
k
π
<
2
x
−
π
6
<
π
2
+
2
k
π
-\frac{π}{2}+2kπ<2x-\frac{π}{6}<\frac{π}{2}+2kπ
−2π+2kπ<2x−6π<2π+2kπ
\quad
(k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
增区间: [
−
π
6
+
k
π
-\frac{π}{6}+kπ
−6π+kπ,
π
3
+
k
π
\frac{π}{3}+kπ
3π+kπ]
\quad
(k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
π
2
+
2
k
π
<
2
x
−
π
6
<
3
π
2
+
2
k
π
\frac{π}{2}+2kπ<2x-\frac{π}{6}<\frac{3π}{2}+2kπ
2π+2kπ<2x−6π<23π+2kπ
\quad
(k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
减区间: [
π
3
+
k
π
\frac{π}{3}+kπ
3π+kπ,
5
π
6
+
k
π
\frac{5π}{6}+kπ
65π+kπ]
\quad
(k
∈
\in
∈ Z)
(2)求函数f(x)在区间[0,
π
2
\frac{π}{2}
2π]上的最大值和最小值
由(1)得
x
=
π
3
+
k
π
x=\frac{π}{3}+kπ
x=3π+kπ
\quad
(k
∈
\in
∈ Z)时, y取得最大值
π
3
∈
[
0
,
π
2
]
\frac{π}{3}\in[0,\frac{π}{2}]
3π∈[0,2π]
∴
\therefore
∴ f(x)在区间[0,
π
2
\frac{π}{2}
2π]上最大值为2
当x=0时,
y
=
2
sin
(
−
π
6
)
=
−
1
y=2\sin(-\frac{π}{6})=-1
y=2sin(−6π)=−1
当x=
π
2
\frac{π}{2}
2π时,
y
=
2
sin
(
π
−
π
6
)
=
−
1
y=2\sin(π-\frac{π}{6})=-1
y=2sin(π−6π)=−1
∴
\therefore
∴ f(x)在区间[0,
π
2
\frac{π}{2}
2π]上最小值为-1