147个积分公式推导(一）

最新推荐文章于 2023-04-15 14:07:17 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-04-15 14:07:17 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_63806300/article/details/125863016

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含有ax + b的积分

1、 $\int {\frac{dx}{ax+b}}=\frac{1}{a}\cdot ln|ax+b|+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

证明： $\int {\frac{dx}{ax+b}}$

= $\frac{1}{a}\cdot \int \frac{d(ax+b)}{ax+b}$

= $\frac{1}{a}\cdot ln|ax+b|+C$ $(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

2、 $\int (ax+b)^{\mu }dx=\frac{1}{a(\mu+1)}\cdot (ax+b)^{\mu+1}+C(\mu\neq -1)$

证明： $\int (ax+b)^{\mu }dx$

= $\frac{1}{a}\cdot (ax+b)^{\mu}d(ax+b)$

= $\frac{1}{a(\mu+1)}\cdot (ax+b)^{\mu+1}+C(\mu\neq -1)$

3、 $\int \frac{xdx}{ax+b}=\frac{1}{a^2}\cdot (ax+b-bln(ax+b))+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

证明： $\int \frac{xdx}{ax+b}$

= $\frac{1}{a}\int \frac{ax}{ax+b}dx$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}\int \frac{ax}{ax+b}d(ax+b)$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}\int (1-\frac{b}{ax+b})d(ax+b)$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}\cdot (ax+b-bln(ax+b))+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

4、 $\int \frac{x^2dx}{ax+b}=\frac{1}{a^3}(\frac{1}{2}(ax+b)^2-2b(ax+b)+b^2ln(ax+b))+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

证明： $\int \frac{x^2dx}{ax+b}$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}\int \frac{(ax+b)^2-2abx-b^2}{ax+b}dx$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}\int (ax+b)dx-\frac{1}{a^2}\int \frac{2abx}{ax+b}dx-\frac{1}{a^2}\int \frac{b^2}{ax+b}dx$

= $\frac{1}{a^3}\int (ax+b)d(ax+b)-\frac{2b}{a^3}\int \frac{ax+b-b}{ax+b}d(ax+b)-\frac{b^2}{a^3}\int \frac{d(ax+b)}{ax+b}$

= $\frac{1}{2a^3}(ax+b)^2-\frac{2b}{a^3}(ax+b)+\frac{2b^2}{a^3}ln|ax+b|-\frac{b^2}{a^3}ln|ax+b|+C$

= $\frac{1}{a^3}(\frac{1}{2}(ax+b)^2-2b(ax+b)+b^2ln(ax+b))+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

5、 $\int \frac{dx}{x(ax+b)}=-\frac{1}{b}ln|\frac{ax+b}{x}|+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a}\text{ and }x\neq 0)$

证明：设 $\frac{1}{x(ax+b)}=\frac{A}{x}+\frac{B}{ax+b}$ ，则 $1=A(ax+b)+Bx=(Aa+B)x+Ab$

$\therefore\begin{cases} & Aa+B=0 \\ & Ab=1 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} & A=\frac{1}{b}\\ & B= -\frac{a}{b} \end{cases}$

$\therefore \int \frac{dx}{x(ax+b)}$

= $\int [\frac{1}{bx}-\frac{a}{b(ax+b)}]dx$

= $\frac{1}{b}\int \frac{dx}{x}-\frac{a}{b}\int \frac{dx}{ax+b}$

= $\frac{1}{b}\int \frac{dx}{x}-\frac{1}{b}\int \frac{d(ax+b)}{ax+b}$

= $\frac{1}{b}ln|x|-\frac{1}{b}ln|ax+b|+C$

= $\frac{1}{b}ln|\frac{x}{ax+b}|+C$

= $-\frac{1}{b}ln|\frac{ax+b}{x}|+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a}\text{ and }x\neq 0)$

6、 $\int \frac{dx}{x^2(ax+b)}=-\frac{1}{bx}+\frac{a}{b^2}ln|\frac{ax+b}{x}|+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a}\text{ and }x\neq 0)$

证明：设 $\frac{1}{x^2(ax+b)}=\frac{A}{x}+\frac{B}{x^2}+\frac{C}{ax+b}$ ，

则 $1=A(ax+b)x+B(ax+b)+Cx^2=(Aa+C)x^2+(Ab+Ba)x+Bb$

$\therefore \begin{cases} & Aa+C=0 \\ & Ab+Ba=0 \\ & Bb=1 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} &A=-\frac{a}{b^2}\\ & B=\frac{1}{b} \\ & C=\frac{a^2}{b^2} \end{cases}$

$\therefore \int \frac{dx}{x^2(ax+b)}$

= $-\frac{a}{b^2}\int \frac{dx}{x}+\frac{1}{b}\int \frac{dx}{x^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2}\int \frac{dx}{ax+b)}$

= $-\frac{a}{b^2}\int \frac{dx}{x}+\frac{1}{b}\int \frac{dx}{x^2}+\frac{a}{b^2}\int \frac{d(ax+b)}{ax+b)}$

= $-\frac{a}{b^2}ln|x|-\frac{1}{bx}+\frac{a}{b^2}ln|ax+b|+C$

= $-\frac{a}{bx}+\frac{a}{b^2}ln|\frac{ax+b}{x}|+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a}\text{ and }x\neq 0)$

7、 $\int \frac{xdx}{(ax+b)^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}(ln|ax+b|+\frac{b}{ax+b})+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

证明：设 $\frac{1}{(ax+b)^2}=\frac{A}{ax+b}+\frac{B}{(ax+b)^2}$ ，则 $x=A(ax+b)+B=Aax+Ab+B$

$\therefore \begin{cases} &Aa=1\\ &Ab+B=0 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} & A=\frac{1}{a} \\ & B=-\frac{b}{a} \end{cases}$

$\therefore \int \frac{dx}{(ax+b)^2}$

= $\frac{1}{a}\int \frac{dx}{ax+b}-\frac{b}{a}\int \frac{dx}{(ax+b)^2}$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}\int \frac{d(ax+b)}{ax+b}-\frac{b}{a^2}\int \frac{d(ax+b)}{(ax+b)^2}$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}ln|ax+b|-\frac{b}{a^2(ax+b)}+C$

= $\frac{1}{a^2}(ln|ax+b|+\frac{b}{ax+b})+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

8、 $\int \frac{x^2}{(ax+b)^2}=\frac{1}{a^3}(ax+b-2bln|ax+b|-\frac{b^2}{ax+b})+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

证明：令 $ax+b=t(t\neq 0)$ ，则 $x=\frac{1}{a}(t-b),dx=\frac{1}{a}dt$

$\therefore \int \frac{x^2dx}{(ax+b)^2}$

= $\int \frac{\frac{(t-b)^2}{a^2}}{t^2}\cdot \frac{dt}{a}$

= $\frac{1}{a^3}\int \frac{t^2-2bt+b^2}{t^2}dt$

= $\frac{1}{a^3}(\int dt -2b\int \frac{dt}{t}+b^2\int \frac{dt}{t^2})$

= $\frac{1}{a^3}(t-2bln|t|-\frac{b^2}{t})+C$

= $\frac{1}{a^3}(ax+b-2bln|ax+b|-\frac{b^2}{ax+b})+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a})$

9、 $\int \frac{dx}{x(ax+b)^2}=\frac{1}{b(ax+b)}-\frac{1}{b^2}ln|\frac{ax+b}{x}|+C(x\neq -\frac{b}{a}\text{ and }x\neq 0)$

证明：设 $\frac{dx}{x(ax+b)^2}=\frac{A}{x}+\frac{B}{ax+b}+\frac{C}{(ax+b)^2}$ ，

则 $1=A(ax+b)^2+Bx(ax+b)+Cx=(Aa^2+Ba)x^2+(2Aab+Bb+C)x+Ab^2$

$\therefore \begin{cases} & Aa^2+Ba=0 \\ & 2Aab+Bb+c=0 \\ & Ab^2=1 \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} & A=\frac{1}{b^2}\\ & B=-\frac{a}{b^2}\\ & C=-\frac{a}{b} \end{cases}$