蟒蛇书外星人大战源码

主程序alien_invasion.py

import sys

from time import sleep

import pygame

from settings import Settings

from game_stats import GameStats

from scoreboard import Scoreboard

from button import Button

from ship import Ship

from bullet import Bullet

from alien import Alien

class AlienInvasion:
	"""管理游戏资源和行为的类"""

	def __init__(self):
		"""初始化游戏并创建游戏资源"""
		pygame.init()
		self.settings = Settings()		
		self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
			(self.settings.screen_width,self.settings.screen_height))
		pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")

		#创建一个用于储存游戏统计信息的实例
		#并创建计分牌
		self.stats = GameStats(self)
		self.sb = Scoreboard(self)

		self.ship = Ship(self)
		self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
		self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()

		self._create_fleet()

		#创建Play按钮
		self.play_button = Button(self,"play")

	def run_game(self):
		"""开始游戏的主循环"""
		while True:
			self._check_events()
			if self.stats.game_active:
				self.ship.update()
				self._update_bullets()
				self._update_aliens()

			self._update_screen()

	def _update_bullets(self):
		"""更新子弹的位置并删除消失的子弹"""
		#更新子弹的位置
		self.bullets.update()

		#删除消失的子弹
		for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
			if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
				self.bullets.remove(bullet)

		self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()

	def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
		"""响应子弹和外星人碰撞"""
		#删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人
		collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(
		self.bullets,self.aliens,True,True)

		if collisions:
			for aliens in collisions.values():
				self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
				self.sb.prep_score()
				self.sb.check_high_score()

		if not self.aliens:
			#删除现有的子弹并创建一群新外星人
			self.bullets.empty()
			self._create_fleet()
			self.settings.increase_speed()

			#提高等级
			self.stats.level += 1
			self.sb.prep_level()

	def _ship_hit(self):
		"""响应飞船被外星人撞到"""
		if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
			#将ships_left减并更新记分牌
			self.stats.ships_left -= 1
			self.sb.prep_ships()

			#清空余下的外星人和子弹
			self.aliens.empty()
			self.bullets.empty()

			#创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底部的中央
			self._create_fleet()
			self.ship.center_ship()
			#暂停
			sleep(0.5)
		else:
			self.stats.game_active = False
			pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

	def _check_alien_bottom(self):
		"""检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端"""
		screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
		for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
			if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
				#像飞船被撞到一样处理
				self._ship_hit()
				break

	def _update_aliens(self):
		"""检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，
		并更新整群外星人的位置"""
		self._check_fleet_edges()
		self.aliens.update()

		#检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞
		if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
			self._ship_hit()

		#检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端
		self._check_alien_bottom()
		
	def _check_events(self):
		"""响应按键和鼠标事件"""
		for event in pygame.event.get():
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
				sys.exit()
			elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
				self._check_keydown_events(event)
			elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
				self._check_keyup_events(event)
			elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
				mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
				self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)

	def _check_play_button(self,mouse_pos):
		""""在玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏"""
		button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
		if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
			#重置游戏统计信息
			self.stats.reset_stats()
			self.stats.game_active = True
			self.sb.prep_score()
			self.sb.prep_level()
			self.sb.prep_ships()

			#清空余下的外星人和子弹
			self.aliens.empty()
			self.bullets.empty()

			#创建一群新外星人并让飞船居中
			self._create_fleet()
			self.ship.center_ship()

			#隐藏鼠标光标
			pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

	def _check_keydown_events(self,event):
		"""响应按键"""
		if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
			self.ship.moving_right = True
		elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
			self.ship.moving_left = True
		elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
			sys.exit()
		elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
			self._fire_bullet()	

	def _check_keyup_events(self,event):
		"""响应松开"""
		if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
			self.ship.moving_right = False
		elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
			self.ship.moving_left = False

	def _fire_bullet(self):
		"""创建一颗子弹，并将其加入编组bullets中"""
		if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullets_allowed:
			new_bullet = Bullet(self)
			self.bullets.add(new_bullet)

	def _create_fleet(self):
		"""创建外星人群"""
		#创建一个外星人并计算一行可容纳多少个外形仍
		#外星人的间距为外星人的宽度
		alien = Alien(self)
		alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
		available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2*alien_width)
		number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2*alien_width)

		#计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人
		ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
		available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -
		 (3*alien_height) - ship_height)
		number_rows = available_space_y // (2*alien_height)
		
		#创建第一行外星人
		for row_number in range(number_rows):
			for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
				self._creat_alien(alien_number,row_number)

	def _creat_alien(self,alien_number,row_number):
		#创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行
		alien = Alien(self)
		alien_width,alien_height = alien.rect.size
		alien.x = alien_width + 2*alien_width*alien_number
		alien.rect.x = alien.x
		alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2*alien.rect.height*row_number
		self.aliens.add(alien)

	def _check_fleet_edges(self):
		"""有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
		for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
			if alien.check_edges():
				self._change_fleet_direction()
				break

	def _change_fleet_direction(self):
		"""将整群外星人下移，并改变他们的方向"""
		for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
			alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
		self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
	
	def _update_screen(self):
		"""更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
		self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
		self.ship.blitme()
		for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
			bullet.draw_bullet()
		self.aliens.draw(self.screen)

		#显示得分
		self.sb.show_score()

		#如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制Play按钮
		if not self.stats.game_active:
			self.play_button.draw_button()

		#让最近绘制的屏幕可见
		pygame.display.flip()

if __name__=='__main__': #只有当前模块作为主程序运行时才会执行
	ai = AlienInvasion()
	ai.run_game()

初始化外星人类 alien.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
	"""表示单个外星人的类"""

	def __init__(self,ai_game):
		"""初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""
		super().__init__()
		self.screen = ai_game.screen
		self.settings = ai_game.settings

		#加载外星人图像并设置其rect属性
		self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
		self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

		#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
		self.rect.x = self.rect.width
		self.rect.y = self.rect.height

		#储存外星人的精确位置
		self.x = float(self.rect.x)

	def check_edges(self):
		"""如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
		screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
		if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
			return True

	def update(self):
		"""向左或向右移动外星人"""
		self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed*self.settings.fleet_direction)
		self.rect.x = self.x

初始化子弹类bullet.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Bullet(Sprite):
	"""管理飞船发射的子弹的类"""

	def __init__(self,ai_game):
		"""在飞船当前位置创建一个子弹对象"""
		super().__init__()
		self.screen = ai_game.screen
		self.settings = ai_game.settings
		self.color = self.settings.bullet_color

		#在(0,0)处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
		self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,self.settings.bullet_height)
		self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop

		#储存用小数表示的子弹的位置
		self.y = float(self.rect.y)

	def update(self):
		"""向上移动子弹"""
		#更新表示子弹位置的小数值
		self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
		#更新表示子弹的rect的位置
		self.rect.y = self.y

	def draw_bullet(self):
		"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
		pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

初始化按钮button.py

import pygame.font

class Button:

	def __init__(self,ai_game,msg):
		"""初始化按钮的属性"""
		self.screen = ai_game.screen
		self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

		#设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
		self.width,self.height = 200,50
		self.button_color = (0,255,0)
		self.text_color = (255,255,255)
		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

		#创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
		self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
		self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

		#按钮标签只需创建一次
		self._prep_msg(msg)

	def _prep_msg(self,msg):
		"""将msg渲染为图现象，并使其在按钮上居中"""
		self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,
			self.button_color)
		self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
		self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

	def draw_button(self):
		#绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
		self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
		self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

跟踪游戏状态game_stats.py

class GameStats:
	"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""

	def __init__(self,ai_game):
		"""初始化统计信息"""
		self.settings = ai_game.settings
		self.reset_stats()
		
		#让游戏一开始处于非活跃状态
		self.game_active = False
		#任何情况下都不应重置最高分
		self.high_score = 0
		self.level = 1

	def reset_stats(self):
		"""初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
		self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
		self.score = 0

 显示得分信息scoreboard.py

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard:
	"""显示得分信息的类"""

	def __init__(self,ai_game):
		"""初始化显示得分涉及的属性"""
		self.ai_game = ai_game
		self.screen = ai_game.screen
		self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
		self.settings = ai_game.settings
		self.stats = ai_game.stats

		#显示得分信息时使用的字体设置
		self.text_color = (30,30,30)
		self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
		#准备包含最高得分和当前得分的图像
		self.prep_score()
		self.prep_high_score()
		self.prep_level()
		self.prep_ships()

	def prep_score(self):
		"""将得分转化为一副渲染的图像"""
		rounded_score = round(self.stats.score,-1)
		score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
		self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,
			self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

		#在屏幕右上角显示得分
		self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
		self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
		self.score_rect.top = 20

	def prep_high_score(self):
		"""将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""
		high_score = round(self.stats.high_score,-1)
		high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
		self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,
			self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

		#将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央
		self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
		self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
		self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top

	
	def prep_level(self):
		"""将等级转换为渲染的图像"""
		level_str = str(self.stats.level)
		self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str,True,
			self.text_color,self.settings.bg_color)

		#将等级放在得分的下方
		self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
		self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
		self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10

	def check_high_score(self):
		"""检查是否诞生了新的最高分"""
		if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
			self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
			self.prep_high_score()

	def prep_ships(self):
		"""显示还余下多少艘飞船"""
		self.ships = Group()
		for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
			ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
			ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
			ship.rect.y = 10
			self.ships.add(ship)

	def show_score(self):
		"""在屏幕上显示得分、等级和余下的飞船数"""
		self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
		self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)
		self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)
		self.ships.draw(self.screen)

初始化飞船ship.py

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
	"""管理飞船的类"""

	def __init__(self,ai_game):
		"""初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
		super().__init__()
		self.screen = ai_game.screen
		self.settings = ai_game.settings
		self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()


		#加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
		self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
		self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

		#对于每艘飞船，都将其放在屏幕底部的中央。
		self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom

		#在飞船的属性x中储存小数值
		self.x = float(self.rect.x)

		#移动标志
		self.moving_right = False
		self.moving_left = False

	def update(self):
		"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
		#更新飞船而不是rect对象的x值
		if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
			self.x += self.settings.ship_speed
		if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
			self.x -= self.settings.ship_speed

		#根据self.x更新rect对象
		self.rect.x = self.x

	def blitme(self):
		"""在指定的位置绘制飞船"""
		self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

	def center_ship(self):
		"""让飞船在屏幕底端居中"""
		self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
		self.x = float(self.rect.x)

储存游戏设置内容 settings.py

class Settings:
	"""储存游戏《外星人入侵》中所有的设置类"""

	def __init__(self):
		"""初始化游戏的静态设置"""
		#屏幕设置
		self.screen_width = 1500
		self.screen_height = 800
		self.bg_color = (230,230,230)

		#飞船设置
		self.ship_limit = 3
		
		#子弹设置
		self.bullet_width = 3
		self.bullet_height = 15
		self.bullet_color = (60,60,60)
		self.bullets_allowed = 6

		#外星人设置
		self.fleet_drop_speed = 2

		#加快游戏节奏的速度
		self.speedup_scale = 1.1
		#外星人分数的提高速度
		self.score_scale = 1.5

		self.initialize_dynamic_settings()

	def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
		"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
		self.ship_speed = 1
		self.bullet_speed = 1.5
		self.alien_speed = 0.5

		#fleet_direction为1表示向右，为-1表示向左
		self.fleet_direction = 1
		#记分
		self.alien_points = 50

	def increase_speed(self):
		"""提高速度设置和外星人分数"""
		self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
		self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
		self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale

		self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

运行效果 

        将所有代码放在同一个目录下，并运行主程序alien_invasion.py,当然你首先得已经安装了pygame库，可以在命令行安装。ctrl+r输入cmd打开命令窗口输入

pip install pygame

 

        按空格键发射子弹，左右键移动，图片素材可自行选择，也可使用书上提供的资料图片