java.Thread
目录
1.线程简介
2.线程实现(重点)
3.线程状态
4.线程同步(重点)
5.线程通信问题
6.高级主题
01线程简介
程序是一个静态的概念。
进程:程序跑起来,动态的概念。
核心概念
1.线程就是独立的执行路径;
2.在程序运行时,即使没有自己创建线程,后台也会有多个线程,如主线程,gc线程; 3.main()称之为主线程,为系统的入口,用于执行整个程序;
4.在一个进程中,如果开辟了多个线程,线程的运行由调度器安排调度,调度器是与
操作系统紧密相关的,先后顺序是不能认为的干预的。
5.对同一份资源操作时,会存在资源抢夺的问题,需要加入并发控制;
6.线程会带来额外的开销,如cpu调度时间,并发控制开销。
7.每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致
02 线程创建
三种创建方式
Tread class :继承Tread类(重点)
Runnable接口:实现Runnable接口(重点,重要)
Callable接口:实现Callable(了解)
Tread
package demo01;
//创建线程方式1:Tread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestTread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run()方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程
//创建一个线程对象,调用start方法,开启线程
TestTread1 testTread1=new TestTread1();
//调用start方法,开启线程
testTread1.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
同时进行
2.
package demo01;
//创建线程方式1:Tread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestTread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run()方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程
TestTread1 testTread1=new TestTread1();
testTread1.run();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
3.总结:
注意线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行
案例
package demo01;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Tread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
private String url;//网络图片地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestThread2(String url,String name){
this.url=url;
this.name=name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名:"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8e59267609fc2f5daf5744c2ecc46ee4.jpeg","1.jpg");
TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/2c19aba8bd0cc8290a99258f9d1908ff.jpeg","2.jpg");
TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b853e54c9a4bfb9f52b395e1c07ae83a.jpeg","3.jpg");
//先下载t1
t1.start();
//然后是t2
t2.start();
//最后是t3
t3.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader {
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url, String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法");
}
}
}
每次结果不一样
实现Runnable接口
定义MyRunnable类接口实现Runnable接口
实现run()接口,编写线程执行体
创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
小结
继承Tread类:
子类继承Tread类具备多线程能力
启动线程:子类对象.start()
不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性
实现Runnable接口:
实现接口Runnable具有多线程能力
启动线程:传入目标对象+Tread对象.start()
推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用
1.
package demo01;
//创建线程方式2,实现runnable方法,重写run()方法,执行线程需要丢入Runnable接口的实现类,调用start()方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run()方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建Runnable接口的实现类
TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程
//Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
//thread.start();
new Thread(testThread3).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程--"+i);
}
}
}
2.初识并发问题
package demo01;
//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源,线程不安全,数据紊乱
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
//火车票数
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
if(ticketNums<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
例子:龟兔赛跑
package demo01;
//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//模拟兔子休息
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//比赛停止就停止程序
if(flag==true){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断是否完成比赛
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
//判断是否有胜利者
if(winner!=null){
//已经存在胜利者
return true;
}
else{
if(steps>=100){
winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
实现Runnable接口(了解即可)
package demo02;
import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.util.ClassPath;
import demo01.TestThread2;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//线程创建方式三:实现Callable接口
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;//网络图片地址
private String name;//保存的文件名
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url=url;
this.name=name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名:"+name);
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException,InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8e59267609fc2f5daf5744c2ecc46ee4.jpeg","1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/2c19aba8bd0cc8290a99258f9d1908ff.jpeg","2.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b853e54c9a4bfb9f52b395e1c07ae83a.jpeg","3.jpg");
//创建执行服务:
ExecutorService ser= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行:
Future<Boolean> r1=ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2=ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3=ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果:
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
//关闭服务:
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader {
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url, String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法");
}
}
}
Callable的好处
1.可以定义返回值
2.可以抛出异常
静态代理
静态代理模式总结
真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个借口
代理对象要代理真实角色
好处
代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
真实对象专注做自己的事情
代码
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You();//你要结婚
new Thread( ()-> System.out.println("iloveyou")).start();
new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("结婚");
}
}
//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
//代理谁->真实目标函数
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();//这就是真实对象
after();
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚之前,布置现场");
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款");
}
}
Lamda表达式
package lambda;
/*
推导lambda表达式
*/
public class TestLambda {
//3.静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I Like Lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lambda();
like = new Like2();
like.lambda();
//4.局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I Like Lambda3");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.lambda();
//5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称必须借助接口或者父类
like = new ILike() {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I Like Lambda4");
}
};
like.lambda();
//6.用lambda简化
like = ()-> {
System.out.println("I Like Lambda5");
};
like.lambda();
}
}
//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
void lambda();
}
//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I Like Lambda");
}
}
ctrl+shift+/全选可以全部注释
总结
1.lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化成一行,如果有多行,那么就用代码块(花括号{})包裹
2.前提是接口是函数式接口(函数式接口:只有一个方法)
3.多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,多个参数必须加上括号
代码
package lambda;
public class TestLambda2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILove love=null;
//1.lambda表达式简化
love =(int a)-> {
System.out.println("I Love You-->"+a);
};
//简化:1.去掉参数返回值
love=(a)-> {
System.out.println("I Love You-->"+a);
};
//简化:2.简化括号
love=a-> {
System.out.println("I Love You-->"+a);
};
//简化3:去掉花括号
love=a-> System.out.println("I Love You-->"+a);
love.love(520);
}
}
interface ILove{
void love(int a);
}
03线程状态
五大状态:
线程停止
package state;
import shiyan.Test;
//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位--->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destory等过时或jdk不建议的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标识位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while(flag){
System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++);
}
}
//设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if(i==900){
//调用stop方法切换标志位让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程停止了");
}
}
}
}
线程休眠
package state;
import demo01.TestThread4;
//模拟网络延时,放大问题的发生性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable{
//火车票数
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
if(ticketNums<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestSleep ticket = new TestSleep();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
package state;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args){
try {
tenDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
int num = 10;
while(true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
线程礼让
Yield
1.礼让线程,从当前正在执行的线程停止,但不阻塞
2.将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
3.让CPU重新调整,礼让不一定成功,看CPU心情
package state;
//测试礼让线程,礼让不一定成功,看CPU心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();//线程礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}
礼让成功(礼让不一定成功)
线程强制执行Join
package state;
//测试Join方法,想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("线程VIP来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if(i==200){
thread.join();//插队
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
线程状态观测
package state;
//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("/");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//new
//观察启动
thread.start();
state=thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//Run
while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//输出状态
}
}
}
线程不能启动两次
线程优先级
1.java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器是按照优先级决定应该调度哪个线程来执行。
2.线程的优先级用数字表示,范围从1到10(线程优先级高不一定先执行,但是权重大)
Thread.MIN_PRIORITY=1;
Thread.MAX_PRIORITY=10;
Thread.NORM_PRIORITY=5;
3使用以下方式改变或获取优先级
getPriority().setPriority(int xxx)
优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是并不是优先级低就不会被调用了,这都看CPU的调度
默认优先级是5
优先级低的先调用:性能倒置,情况比较少
优先级的设定建议在start方法前
package state;
//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程的优先级(主线程的优先级是默认的)
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
// 先设置优先级再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(7);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
守护线程daemon
set(布尔值)
为真守护线程,为假不守护线程
1.线程分为用户线程和守护线程
2.虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕(包括main() )
3.虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕(gc()垃圾回收线程)
4.守护线程如.后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等
package state;
//守护线程
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程,正常线程都是用户线程
thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
new Thread(you).start();//你用户线程启动
}
}
//上帝守护你,上帝,你
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生就都开心活着");
}
System.out.println("---goodbye World---");
}
}
04线程同步
多个线程操作同一个资源
并发
同一个对象被多个线程同时操作
线程同步
处理多线程问题时,多个线程访问一个对象(并发),并且某些线程还想修改这个对象,这时我们就需要线程同步,线程同步其实就是一种等待机制,多个需要同时访问此对象的线程进入这个对象的等待池形成队列,等待前面线程使用完毕,下一个线程再使用。
队列和锁(线程同步条件)
三大不安全例子
package syn;
//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums=10;
boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while(flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if(ticketNums<=0){
flag=false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
没有排队买,三个人看到一张票
2.
package syn;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//不安全的取钱,
//两个人去银行取钱,需要有账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girfriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlfriend");
you.start();
girfriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money,String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney= drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额=余额-取的钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName()=this.getName() 上面extend Thread
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
package syn;
import java.util.*;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
//两个线程同时操作同一个位置
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
线程同步synchronized
同步方法
(封装时学习)通过private关键字来保证数据对象只能被方法访问(getset方法),所以我们只需要对方法提出一套机制,这套机制就是synchronized关键字,它包括两种方法:
synchronized方法和synchronized块
同步方法:public synchronized void method(int args){}
synchronized方法控制对对象的访问,每个对象对应一把锁,每个synchronized方法都必须获得调用该方法的对象的锁才能执行,否则线程会阻塞,方法一旦执行,就独自占有锁,直到该方法返回才释放锁,后面被阻塞的线程才能获得这个锁,继续执行:
缺陷:若将一个大的方法申明为synchronized将会影响效率
同步方法弊端
同步块
同步块:synchronized(Obj){}
Obj:锁的对象
package syn;
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(station,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(station,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
//票
private int ticketNums=10;
boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while(flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//synchronized同步方法,锁的是this
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if(ticketNums<=0){
flag=false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
2.
只改变这不行
synchronized默认锁的是this
修改为:
package syn;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//不安全的取钱,
//两个人去银行取钱,需要有账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing girfriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlfriend");
you.start();
girfriend.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名
public Account(int money,String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney= drawingMoney;
}
//取钱
@Override
public synchronized void run() {
synchronized (account){
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡内余额=余额-取的钱
account.money=account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney=nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName()=this.getName() 上面extend Thread
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
锁的对象是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
3.
package syn;
import java.util.*;
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list) {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
//两个线程同时操作同一个位置
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
CopyOnWriteArrayList
JUC包:java.util.concurrent
package syn;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;//并发包
//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
死锁
多个线程各自占有一些共享资源,并且互相等待其他线程占有资源才能运行,而导致两个或者多个线程都在等待对方释放资源,都停止了执行的情形。同一个同步块同时拥有两个以上对象的锁时,就可能会发生死锁问题
死锁情况:
package thread;
//死锁,多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
//化妆
class Makeup extends Thread{
//需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror= new Mirror();
int choice;//选择
String girlName;//使用化妆品的人
Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
this.choice=choice;
this.girlName=girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是拿到对方的资源
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if(choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
synchronized (lipstick){//一秒钟后想获得口红
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
避免死锁的四个方法:
lock锁
1、JDK新出的,java提供了更强大的线程同步机制,通过显式定义同步锁对象来实现同步,(syn隐式的,this也不好知道锁了谁,也看不到开始和结束),同步使用lock对象充当。
2、java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口是控制多个线程对共享资源进行访问的工具,锁提供了对共享资源的独占访问,每次只能有一个线程对Lock对象加锁,线程开始访问共享资源之前应先获得Lock对象
3、ReentrantLock类(可重复锁)实现了Lock,它拥有synchronized相同的并发性和内存语义,在实现线程安全的控制中,比较常用的是ReentrantLock,可以显式加锁,释放锁。
package gaoji;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketsNums = 10;
//定义Lock锁
private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try{
lock.lock();//加锁
if(ticketsNums>0){
System.out.println(ticketsNums--);
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else{
break;
}
}finally {
//解锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
05 线程协作
生产者消费者模式(问题)
线程通信
此代码有问题
package gaoji;
//测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Producer(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Producer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Producer(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
//生产
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container=container;
}
//消费
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了--->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
container.push(new Chicken(i));
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id;//产品编号
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count=0;
//需要生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if(count==chickens.length){
//通知消费者消费,生产者等待
try{
this.wait();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notify();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try{
this.wait();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notify();
return chicken;
}
}
package gaoji;
//测试生产者消费问题:信号灯法,标志位解决
public class TestPCTwo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者-->演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
}else{
this.tv.play("抖音记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//演员-->观众
class watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public watcher (TV tv){
this.tv=tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品-->节目
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待
//观众高考,演员等待
String voice;
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
//观众看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观看了"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
}
package gaoji;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务和线程池
//newFixedThreadPool参数为线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2.关闭链接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}