three.js之材质-MeshPhongMaterial介绍和使用(vue中使用three.js17)

1.MeshPhongMaterial材质介绍

MeshPhongMaterial材质可以创建一种光亮的材质，可以使用的属性和MeshLambertMaterial材质基本一样，可以配置的其他属性有color、opacity、shading、blending、depthTest、depthWrite、wireframe、wireframeLinewidth、wireframeLinecap、wireframeLineJoin、vertexColors；这些属性不做详细说明，主要列一下我们感兴趣的属性

属性	描述
ambient	这是该材质的环境色。和AmbientLight光源一起使用，这个颜色会和AmbientLight光源的颜色相乘，默认是白色
emissive	这是该材质的发射的颜色。它其实并不像一个光源，只是一种纯粹的、不受其它光照影响的颜色。默认值为黑色
specular	该属性指定该材质的光亮程度及高光部分颜色，如果设置成和color属性相同的颜色，将得到一种更加类似金属的材质。如果设置成灰色（grey），材质变得更像塑料
shininess	该属性指定高光部分的亮度，默认值30

注：属性ambient、wrapAround、wrapRGB 不知从哪个版本开始废弃掉了，反正v119没有这几个属性

2.demo说明

如上图，该示例支持以下功能

1. 调整visible属性控制物体是否显示
2. 通过勾选transparent和调整opacity属性控制物体透明度
3. 通过color属性调整材质的颜色
4. 通过emissive属性调整材质发光的颜色
5. 通过specular属性调整高光的颜色
6. 通过shininess属性调整高光的亮度
7. 通过下拉选择side属性控制渲染前面、后面、全部
8. 通过下拉选择mesh属性控制页面绘制球体、方块还是平面

3.demo代码

<template>
  <div>
    <div id="container"></div>
    <div class="controls-box">
      <section>
        <el-row>
          <el-checkbox v-model="properties.visible">visible</el-checkbox>
        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-checkbox v-model="properties.transparent">transparent</el-checkbox>
        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-checkbox v-model="properties.wrapAround">wrapAround</el-checkbox>
        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-checkbox v-model="properties.metal">metal</el-checkbox>
        </el-row>

        <el-row>
          <el-col :span="8" class="label-col"><label> color</label></el-col>
          <el-col :span="16">
            <div @click="inputClick">
              <el-input :value="properties.color"></el-input>
            </div>
            <div v-show="isShowColors" class="color-select-layer">
              <sketch-picker v-model="properties.color" @input="colorChange"></sketch-picker>
            </div>
          </el-col>
        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-col :span="8" class="label-col"><label> emissive</label></el-col>
          <el-col :span="16">
            <div @click="emissiveColorInputClick">
              <el-input :value="properties.emissiveColor"></el-input>
            </div>
            <div v-show="isShowEmissiveColors" class="color-select-layer">
              <sketch-picker v-model="properties.emissiveColor" @input="emissiveColorChange"></sketch-picker>
            </div>
          </el-col>
        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-col :span="8" class="label-col"><label> specular</label></el-col>
          <el-col :span="16">
            <div @click="specularColorInputClick">
              <el-input :value="properties.specularColor"></el-input>
            </div>
            <div v-show="isShowSpecularColors" class="color-select-layer">
              <sketch-picker v-model="properties.specularColor" @input="specularColorChange"></sketch-picker>
            </div>
          </el-col>
        </el-row>

        <el-row>
          <div v-for="(item,key) in properties" :key="key">
            <div v-if="item&&item.name!=undefined">
              <el-col :span="8">
                <span class="vertice-span">{{item.name}}</span>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="13">
                <el-slider v-model="item.value" :min="item.min" :max="item.max" :step="item.step" :format-tooltip="formatTooltip"></el-slider>
              </el-col>
              <el-col :span="3">
                <span class="vertice-span">{{item.value}}</span>
              </el-col>
            </div>
          </div>

        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-col :span="8" class="label-col"><label>side</label></el-col>
          <el-col :span="16">
            <el-select v-model="properties.side" placeholder="请选择">
              <el-option v-for="item in options" :key="item.value" :label="item.label" :value="item.value">
              </el-option>
            </el-select>
          </el-col>
        </el-row>
        <el-row>
          <el-col :span="8" class="label-col"><label>mesh</label></el-col>
          <el-col :span="16">
            <el-select v-model="properties.selectMesh" placeholder="请选择">
              <el-option v-for="item in selectMeshOptions" :key="item.value" :label="item.label" :value="item.value">
              </el-option>
            </el-select>
          </el-col>
        </el-row>
      </section>

    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import * as THREE from 'three'
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js'
import { Sketch } from 'vue-color'
export default {
  components: {
    'sketch-picker': Sketch
  },
  data () {
    return {
      options: [
        {
          value: 'front',
          label: 'front'
        },
        {
          value: 'back',
          label: 'back'
        },
        {
          value: 'double',
          label: 'double'
        }
      ],

      selectMeshOptions: [
        {
          value: 'cube',
          label: 'cube'
        },
        {
          value: 'sphere',
          label: 'sphere'
        },
        {
          value: 'plane',
          label: 'plane'
        }
      ],

      properties: {
        opacity: {
          name: 'opacity',
          value: 0.3,
          min: 0,
          max: 1,
          step: 0.1
        },
        shininess: {
          name: 'shininess',
          value: 30,
          min: 0,
          max: 300,
          step: 1
        },
        wrapR: {
          name: 'wrapR',
          value: 1,
          min: 0,
          max: 1,
          step: 0.1
        },
        wrapG: {
          name: 'wrapG',
          value: 1,
          min: 0,
          max: 1,
          step: 0.1
        },
        wrapB: {
          name: 'wrapB',
          value: 1,
          min: 0,
          max: 1,
          step: 0.1
        },
        color: '#EB193D',
        emissiveColor: '#AB193D',
        specularColor: '#111111',
        selectMesh: 'cube',
        side: 'front',
        transparent: false,
        wrapAround: false,
        metal: false,
        visible: true
      },
      isShowColors: false,
      isShowEmissiveColors: false,
      isShowSpecularColors: false,
      cube: null,
      sphere: null,
      plane: null,
      activeMesh: null,
      meshMaterial: null,
      camera: null,
      scene: null,
      renderer: null,
      controls: null
    }
  },
  mounted () {
    this.init()
  },
  methods: {
    formatTooltip (val) {
      return val
    },
    inputClick () {
      this.isShowColors = !this.isShowColors
    },
    colorChange (val) {
      this.properties.color = val.hex
    },
    emissiveColorInputClick () {
      this.isShowEmissiveColors = !this.isShowEmissiveColors
    },
    emissiveColorChange (val) {
      this.properties.emissiveColor = val.hex
    },
    specularColorInputClick () {
      this.isShowSpecularColors = !this.isShowSpecularColors
    },
    specularColorChange (val) {
      this.properties.specularColor = val.hex
    },

    // 初始化
    init () {
      this.createScene() // 创建场景
      this.createMesh() // 创建网格模型
      this.createLight() // 创建光源
      this.createCamera() // 创建相机
      this.createRender() // 创建渲染器
      this.createControls() // 创建控件对象
      this.render() // 渲染
    },
    // 创建场景
    createScene () {
      this.scene = new THREE.Scene()
    },
    // 创建网格模型
    createMesh () {
      const geometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(100, 100, 4, 4) // 创建一个平面对象PlaneGeometry
      const planeMaterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
        color: 0x7777ff
      }) // 材质对象Material
      const plane = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, planeMaterial)
      plane.receiveShadow = true

      // 设置平面位置
      plane.rotation.x = -0.5 * Math.PI
      plane.position.set(0, -20, 0)

      // 平面对象添加到场景中
      this.scene.add(plane)

      const sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(14, 20, 20)
      const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(15, 15, 15)
      const planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(14, 14, 4, 4)

      // 创建材质
      this.meshMaterial = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial({
        color: 0x7777ff
      })

      // 创建球、方块、平面
      this.sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, this.meshMaterial)
      this.cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, this.meshMaterial)
      this.plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, this.meshMaterial)

      this.sphere.position.set(-12, 3, 2)
      this.cube.position = this.sphere.position
      this.plane.position = this.sphere.position
      this.activeMesh = this.sphere
    },

    // 创建光源
    createLight () {
      // 环境光
      const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xab193d, 0.1) // 创建环境光
      this.scene.add(ambientLight) // 将环境光添加到场景

      const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff) // 创建聚光灯
      spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10)
      this.scene.add(spotLight)
    },
    // 创建相机
    createCamera () {
      const element = document.getElementById('container')
      const width = element.clientWidth // 窗口宽度
      const height = element.clientHeight // 窗口高度
      const k = width / height // 窗口宽高比
      // PerspectiveCamera( fov, aspect, near, far )
      this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(35, k, 0.1, 1000)
      this.camera.position.set(-60, 60, 100) // 设置相机位置

      this.camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(10, 0, 0)) // 设置相机方向
      this.scene.add(this.camera)
    },
    // 创建渲染器
    createRender () {
      const element = document.getElementById('container')
      this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer()
      this.renderer.setSize(element.clientWidth, element.clientHeight) // 设置渲染区域尺寸
      this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true // 显示阴影
      this.renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap
      this.renderer.setClearColor(0x3f3f3f, 1) // 设置背景颜色
      element.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement)
    },
    updateMesh (selectMesh) {
      this.scene.remove(this.activeMesh)
      switch (selectMesh) {
        case 'cube':
          this.activeMesh = this.cube
          break
        case 'sphere':
          this.activeMesh = this.sphere
          break
        case 'plane':
          this.activeMesh = this.plane
          break
      }
      this.scene.add(this.activeMesh)
    },
    updateSide (side) {
      switch (side) {
        case 'front':
          this.meshMaterial.side = THREE.FrontSide
          break
        case 'back':
          this.meshMaterial.side = THREE.BackSide
          break
        case 'double':
          this.meshMaterial.side = THREE.DoubleSide
          break
      }
      this.meshMaterial.needsUpdate = true
    },
    // 更新属性
    updateFun () {
      this.meshMaterial.opacity = this.properties.opacity.value
      this.meshMaterial.transparent = this.properties.transparent
      this.meshMaterial.metal = this.properties.metal
      this.meshMaterial.color.setStyle(this.properties.color)
      this.meshMaterial.emissive.setStyle(this.properties.emissiveColor)
      this.meshMaterial.specular = new THREE.Color(
        this.properties.specularColor
      )

      // 属性ambient、wrapAround、wrapRGB 废弃掉了
      /* this.meshMaterial.wrapAround = this.properties.wrapAround
      this.meshMaterial.wrapRGB.x = this.properties.wrapR.value
      this.meshMaterial.wrapRGB.y = this.properties.wrapG.value
      this.meshMaterial.wrapRGB.z = this.properties.wrapB.value */
      this.meshMaterial.shininess = this.properties.shininess.value
      this.meshMaterial.visible = this.properties.visible

      this.updateMesh(this.properties.selectMesh)
      this.updateSide(this.properties.side)
      this.meshMaterial.needsUpdate = true
      this.activeMesh.rotation.y += 0.01 // 旋转
    },

    render () {
      this.updateFun()
      this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera)
      requestAnimationFrame(this.render)
    },
    // 创建控件对象
    createControls () {
      this.controls = new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement)
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
#container {
  position: absolute;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}
.controls-box {
  position: absolute;
  right: 5px;
  top: 5px;
  width: 300px;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #c3c3c3;
}
.label-col {
  padding: 8px 5px;
}
.color-select-layer {
  position: relative;
  left: -20px;
  padding: 15px 0;
}
.vertice-span {
  line-height: 38px;
  padding: 0 2px 0 10px;
}
</style>