什么是系统工程（字幕）35

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下面的内容

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接下来呢就是

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16.6.1

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项流热平衡分析

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这一节

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那这里面呢

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给出了一个参数图

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参数图就是par这个

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参数

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你看参数图的内容

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首先这个block

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说明它是针对这个block来画的一个参数图

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当然，你也可以在包下面画参数图

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那这里是block，显然是要在block下面来画

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然后你看这个就是block的名字了

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初始蒸馏器分析

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那这个block是没有的，对不对

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之前我们没有这个block

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那显然

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要加上去

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这样一个block

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所以呢，这个图它给出来比较突兀

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就是说

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很多

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中间的东西它就没有给出来

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它直接乓就给出这样一张图

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但这张图的话，你要画出来

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需要很多很多的准备的工作

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然后呢

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框框里就是

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这个图的名字了

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恒压热平衡

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这个地方

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然后，我们来看，参数图是干嘛的

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参数图主要是定义

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属性值之间的数学关系

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因为

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属性值之间它会有一些约束嘛

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只有满足这个约束

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或者不违反这个约束的属性值才可以存在

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我们随便举个例子

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比如说

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人有身高

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有体重

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有年龄

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那现在我们假设

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我们说一个举例

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不一定合理

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我们举个例子

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假设有公司招人

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但是我要招什么

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以厘米为单位的身高，减去以千克为体重的单位

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不得少于他的年龄

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显然这里面有个约束

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身高、体重、年龄

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之间有个什么

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有一个不等式，是吧

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a-b>c

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那这个就是一个约束

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那这个约束

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可以画在哪里

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当然可以画在这个block上面

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对吧

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如果你是一个block的

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里面的各个部件

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各个属性的

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约束

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那可以在

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在这个block的约束那个地方

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加上这个约束

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把那个式子写a+b<c

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a-b>c，类似这样的

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当然也可以是等式

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a2+b2=c2

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也可以的

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直接在约束里面写可以

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但是的话

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往往

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我们是用什么，用约束块

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这样一个block

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它也是一个block

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但是它是一个约束block

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也就是说把

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block的约束这部分的内容

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把它单独分离出来

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放到外面变成了一个约束块

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然后呢

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再跟原来的block

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用类似组合关系

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组合关联这样把它

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画过来

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那把这个分离出来之后

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我们就可以

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复用

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这个式子了

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对不对

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如果说这个式子

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这个关系或这个约束

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可以适用于多个地方

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比如说，你看这里

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这有个相变热传输方程

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对吧

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这是同一个方程

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是同一个约束

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但是呢，这个约束它既适用于冷凝的过程

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也适用于煮沸的过程

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都是相变嘛

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对不对

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所以它里面的热传输方程是一样的

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那我们就定义一个约束就行了

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然后呢

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在参数图上把它拖上来

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变成两个约束的实例

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你看它前面有冒号

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冒号前面有

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这是煮沸

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这是冷凝

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一个是可以复用它

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第二个就是，分离出来就

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我们这里有更大的空间来描述

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一些细节来表达更复杂的一些

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方程式的细节

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所以这里面就有一个这样的知识点

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就是说约束块

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然后，定义好约束块之后

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我们就可以把

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各种各样的block上面的属性值

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把它绑定到

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这个约束或者参数这里来

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你看

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所以这个线是绑定的关系

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有一个绑定的关系

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绑定到这里来

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一个个这样绑定

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所以呢，它们之间是多对一的

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同样的一个

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方程式

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它可以和很多很多的

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block绑定

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对不对

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因为很可能有很多很多种东西符合，这个方程式本身代表一个什么

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本质的规律

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对不对

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相变热传输方程

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这是本质规律

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你是炼钢、炼铁、炼什么

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还是那个蒸馏水

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不都是一样的道理嘛

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遵循基本的规律嘛

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所以呢

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可以有很多很多个

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只要你满足这个

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符合这个规律的

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你就可以把你的相关属性值绑定到这里来

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你看，它这里绑定的就是我们前面蒸馏水这个

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这是初始蒸馏器

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这个

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这个实例的main1

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这是一个流嘛

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对吧

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然后这里有一个质量流率

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单位，单位，这样

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然后绑定到这个地方来

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这样

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然后这个绑定到这里

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那这里的话

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刚才讲了有很多准备工作要做了

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你看这里

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首先你这个单位

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你得建立起来吧

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对吧

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像你看这个是

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质量流率，克每秒，水温是摄氏度

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然后这里有一个比热

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比热

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比热是卡

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然后克

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每摄氏度

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相当于

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每克，单位质量，单位温度变化，需要的热量，比热

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这个

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你看这里

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这里是main1

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·这个，说明main1是什么

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它是水

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对吧

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所以这个是水的

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这个也是水的

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你看这个

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比热这个，你看，它是到这里

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绑定到这里

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你看

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水的比热，对吧

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你看它是main4

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这里，是吧

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水的比热

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这也是水的

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这里

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水的

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水的

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还有什么

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还有这个

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质量流率，还有水温

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水温和这个温度

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这个绑定，对不对

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水温，温度，绑定

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这也是水的

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你看main1这里

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对吧

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还有一个是什么

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这个潜热

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潜热什么意思

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就是

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没有相变的情况下

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就是

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就纯粹是加热或者是冷却

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没有相变的情况下

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那么

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单位质量

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的这个

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说错了，说错了

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比热是没有相变的情况下

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那个单位质量，每变化一度的

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需要的热量

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潜热是什么

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相变的情况下

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在相变的情况下

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每单位质量，就是一克

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一克，多少多少卡

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单位质量的单位热量

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单位质量所需要的热量

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你看，它是这里是main4，这也是水嘛

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所以呢，这个是水的

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这是水的，这是水的

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这是水的

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还有比热这个

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这个地方

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你看，放这里

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这地方，这个也是水的

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水有四个属性

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对吧

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那这四个属性我们怎么表达

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我们要给它加上四个值类型

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水有四个值

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值类型作为它的属性

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那下面这个，你看

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dQ/dt

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这是一个微分嘛

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对不对

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微分，下面是时间

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然后这个热量，相当于时间、热量一个切线

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斜率嘛

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为什么叫微分

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就是那个曲线上的斜率

269
00:11:46,519 --> 00:11:46,990
对吧

270
00:11:49,420 --> 00:11:51,861
你看这个，它就不是水的了

271
00:11:51,861 --> 00:11:53,489
你看，这不是main4

272
00:11:53,489 --> 00:11:54,710
而是整个什么

273
00:11:55,710 --> 00:11:58,400
整个这个蒸馏器的一个

274
00:11:59,960 --> 00:12:01,680
传热速率

275
00:12:02,140 --> 00:12:02,574

276
00:12:02,574 --> 00:12:05,612
每秒多少卡

277
00:12:05,612 --> 00:12:06,480
对吧

278
00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:09,146
那这个不是水的

279
00:12:09,146 --> 00:12:10,172
这是哪一个的

280
00:12:10,172 --> 00:12:11,370
这是蒸馏器的

281
00:12:12,940 --> 00:12:14,080
一个属性

282
00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:14,530

283
00:12:14,530 --> 00:12:16,410
那这个我们都要定义上去

284
00:12:16,410 --> 00:12:18,460
因为我们之前是没有这个的

285
00:12:18,740 --> 00:12:19,470
对吧

286
00:12:20,820 --> 00:12:21,020

287
00:12:21,020 --> 00:12:22,620
都得一个一个定义

288
00:12:24,930 --> 00:12:28,545
下面还有一些假设什么的，这个就不管它了

289
00:12:28,545 --> 00:12:29,630
就不管它了

290
00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:33,334
这样来

291
00:12:33,334 --> 00:12:38,450
那这个是非常啰嗦的，那我们一点点来，把这个图给

292
00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:40,090
弄出来