Yan Goodfellow 在生成对抗网络(GANs)论文中提到的比喻 “the Helvetica Scenario” 的解释及其来龙去脉

1、the Helvetica Scenario 可以音译为:海奥维提卡情景、海奥维提卡场景、海奥维提卡现象等

《Generative Adversarial Nets》[1] 原文提及:

…, in order to avoid “the Helvetic scenario” in which G collapses to many values of z to the same value of x to have enough diversity to model p d a t a p_{data} pdata, much as the negative chains of a Boltzmann machine must be kept up to date between learning steps…

蓝色部分实际上就是对 海奥维提卡现象(Helvetica Scenario) 的一种解释说明:即生成器 G G G 将会牺牲更多的随机噪声 z z z 对应生成相同的数据样本 x x x,导致生成器 G G G 对原始数据分布 p d a t a p_{data} pdata 建模时发生功能坍塌而失去生成多样性样本的能力。

原文的解释已经能够让大多数人很好地理解这个 海奥维提卡现象(Helvetica Scenario) 了!

再通俗一点来讲,如果发生了 海奥维提卡现象(Helvetica Scenario) ,不管输入的随机噪声 z z z 取值如何,生成器都会一直生成同样的样本(生成器通过不断生成此样本就能够一直骗过判别器,即判别器会将其判定为真实数据,因此生成器也就开始偷奸耍滑了,不好好学习了,一直源源不断地生成同样的数据样本,偷懒了,就不会再去训练提高自己生成 多样性数据 的能力了)。

在生成对抗网络研究领域,海奥维提卡现象(Helvetica Scenario) 就是典型的 模式崩溃问题(Mode Collapses)



2、海奥维提卡现象(Helvetica Scenario)来源于哪?到底是什么意思呢?

海奥维提卡现象(Helvetica Scenario) 是由 BBC 喜剧节目《Look Around You》在试播集中虚构的实验,在瑞士(拉丁文读音:Helvetica)进行。假设保留皮肤中钙分子的电子壳层,只移除细胞核(原子的中心),将导致大规模的严重的突变反应[2] (效果就如下图,人脸的形状和器官都坍塌在一块了)。



Youtube 目前还有该节目的视频[3] ,感兴趣的朋友可以看一下:

视频的主要部分:钙分子建立在一个由四个电子(蓝色)支撑三个质子(红色)的半永久性结构上,质子把电传递到分子的核心,即中心原子或女王原子(黑|黄)所处的位置。女王原子离开分子或巢将会导致灾难性的后果:整个该原子结构将会倒塌!这就是所谓的 “the Helvetica Scenario”

简单形象地来讲,该虚构实验的本质含义就是团队中领导乱了方寸,整个团队都混乱成一团了!



3、其他关于 Helvetica 的内容:
(1) Helvetica 字体

另外,Helvetica 也是一种非常常用的现在西文字体,是 Mac 系统的默认字体之一,我们在 Windows 系统下常见的 Arial 字体也与 Helvetica 字体有着不解之缘。在 Mac 系统下可以通过 字体册 应用查看到 Helvetica 字体:

(2)Helvetica 电影

另外,还有一部 2007 年上映的英国纪录片《Helvetica / 传奇字体_海维提卡》,用于纪念 Helvetica 字体五十周年诞辰!
感兴趣的可以在线观看一下:
优酷:https://www.iqiyi.com/w_19s4shlopd.html
土豆:https://video.tudou.com/v/XMjIyMjQxNDU1Mg==.html?__fr=oldtd
搜狐:https://tv.sohu.com/item/MTE0OTk1OA==.html



希望本文能对生成对抗网络研究领域的一些像我这样有细节知识强迫症的朋友有所帮助!



正文参考内容:

[1] Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, et al. Generative adversarial nets[C]//Advances in neural information processing systems. 2014: 2672-2680.

[2] https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/1242:_Scary_Names

[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4CRCJUmWsM

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