自动化测试工具介绍

软件测试自动化工具

自动化软件测试对于许多软件项目来说变得越来越重要，以便自动验证关键功能、测试回归以及帮助团队在短时间内运行大量的测试。除了自动化测试之外，许多团队（尤其是较大的项目）仍然需要大量的手动功能测试，原因可能是自动化测试的测试场景也是有限的，不能够完全替代手工测试。

下面是一些实施自动化测试的理由：

• 对所有工作流程、所有领域、所有测试场景进行手动测试需要花费大量的资源和成本。
• 测试时间有限
• 手工测试多语言网站是很困难的、及其枯燥的
• 自动化测试运行过程中不需要人为干预，可以运行无人值守自动测试（尤其是夜间测试）
• 自动化提高了测试执行速度
• 自动化有助于提高测试覆盖率
• 手动测试枯燥，测试团队容易产生疲劳感
• ……

有各种工具可以帮助软件团队建立和执行自动化测试。许多团队积极使用单元测试作为其开发工作的一部分，以验证其项目的关键部分。从经验来看，通过自动化测试来测试基于桌面的应用程序和用户界面更具挑战性，并且目前可用的工具通常都是商业化的测试工具，引入测试工具的成本非常昂贵。

然而，随着基于web的应用程序数量的增加，这种情况正在改变，因为验证和测试基于web的接口更加容易，并且有许多工具可以帮助实现这一点，包括免费的开源项目。

WEB系统自动化测试工具

在Web应用系统的迭代发布过程中，通过在Regression Test（回归测试）中引入自动化测试是一个非常好的方法，可以来验证在新版本不会引入缺陷（Defect）方法。Web应用系统的自动化测试还可以使开发团队更自信地重构代码，因为开发者可以在每次更改之后快速验证应用程序的功能。

然而，实际上为Web应用程序构建自动化测试还是具有挑战性的，因为应用程序的用户界面（UI）可能会定期改变；另外由于浏览器之间不兼容，并且通常需要支持各种服务器或WEB客户端平台，这增加了自动化测试的Scripts开发难度。

下面的工具使自动化测试工程师更容易为Web应用系统构建和执行自动化测试。

工具名称	简介	是否开源工具
Selenium	Selenium is a popular automated web testing tool and helps you automate web browsers across different platforms. Selenium has the support of some of the largest browser vendors who have taken steps to make Selenium a native part of their browser.	Open Source 开源工具
Watir	Watir is a set of Ruby libraries for automating web browsers and allows you to write tests that are easy to read and maintain. Watir drives browsers the same way people do (it clicks links, fills in forms, presses buttons etc.) and also checks results such as whether expected text appears on the page.	Open Source 开源工具
Windmill	Windmill is a web testing tool designed to help testers automate and debug web applications. It comes with a cross-browser test recorder, JavaScript integration and an interactive shell to automate web browsers.	Open Source 开源工具
Ranorex	Ranorex allows you to automate your web application testing (among other things) and both record user interactions and play them back to execute your tests. Ranorex is one of the more popular commercial tools to build and run automated web and GUI tests.	Commercial 商业化工具
SoapUI	SoapUI is a cross-platform functional testing tool. It has been specifically designed to help automatically test APIs such as SOAP and REST interfaces to ensure the interoperability of different applications.	Open Source 开源工具
Sahi	Sahi is a tool for automation of web application testing. Sahi is available as a free open source edition as well as a commercial Pro edition.	Open Source 开源工具
Tellurium	Tellurium is a web automation tool that allows you to design and write your automated tests using plain English without any scripting or programming experience.	Commercial 商业化工具

GUI自动化测试工具

为桌面应用程序（例如，在Windows或Mac系统上）构建健壮的自动GUI测试是相当困难的，因为用户界面的小改变常常会导致失败的测试。以下工具帮助您为各种平台和操作系统构建和执行健壮的GUI测试。

工具名称	简介	是否开源工具
Squish	Squish is a GUI testing tool for various platforms, including QT, native Windows and Mac applications. Squish allows testers and developers to build automated tests using familiar scripting languages such as JavaScript, Perl, Python and Ruby.	Commercial 商业化工具
Ranorex	Ranorex allows you to automate your desktop applications (among other things) and both record user interactions and play them back to execute your tests. Ranorex is one of the more popular commercial tools to build and run automated GUI and web tests.	Commercial 商业化工具
TestComplete	TestComplete is an automated testing tool for the Windows platform. It allows you to record, script and run GUI tests for applications built using different frameworks and languages, such as .NET or C++.	Commercial 商业化工具
Test Studio	Test Studio is an automated functional and load testing tool that helps you test applications on various platforms built using different frameworks and tools.	Commercial 商业化工具
eggPlant	eggPlant is a GUI test automation tool for professional software applications and enterprise teams. It can be used to automate different application types, such as .NET, Java and Flash applications.	Commercial 商业化工具