big picture

application programmer <=> system programmer

variables in Java are either OBJECT REFERENCE or primitive types

outer classes in java are either "package access" or public, NO private outer classes

PACKAGE ACCESS

MVC, 

Model ==> backend, 

View & Controller => frontend

View ==> Output

Controller ==> Input

Event source => listener // publish => subscribe

process: virtual computer

threads: virtual processor

LOTUS == the Law Of The Unconscious Statistician

Why normal distribution(Gaussian distribution) is so important?

It's because CLT(Central Limit Theorem): if you add a bunch of i.i.d. r.v.  the distribution will look like normal distribution.

Machine Learning: to minimize the "cost function"