opencv-python（六）

 Numpy-ndarray

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1,2,3])
print(type(x))
print(x)
print(x[0])  # 用索引方式取得或设定内容
print(x[1])
print(x[2])
x[1] = 10
print(x)
print(x.dtype) # 数组元素类型
print(x.itemsize) # 数组元素大小，int32，32位，4个字节
print(x.ndim) # 数组维度，1维数组
print(x.shape) # 数组外形
print(x.size) # 数组元素个数
x =np.array([2,4,6],dtype=np.int8) # 8位整数，1个字节
print(x.dtype)
print(x.itemsize)
y = np.array([1.1,2.3,3.6]) # 浮点数数组
print(y.dtype)
print(y)

ndarray.dtype：数组元素类型

ndarray.itemsize：数组元素数据类型大小（所占内存空间），字节

ndarray.ndim：数组的维度

ndarray.shape：数组维度元素个数的元组

ndarray.size：数组元素个数

import numpy as np

row1 = [1,2,3]
arr1 = np.array(row1, ndmin = 2)
print(arr1.ndim)
print(arr1.shape)
print(arr1.size)
print(arr1)
print('-'*70)
row2 = [4,5,6]
arr2 = np.array([row1,row2],ndmin=2)
print(arr2.ndim)
print(arr2.shape)
print(arr2.size)
print(arr2)

np.array(object, dtype, ndmin)

object：数组数据

dtype：数据类型，如果省略会使用可以容纳数据最省的类型

ndmin： 设定数组应具有的最小维度

import  numpy as np

x=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print(x[0][2])
print(x[0,2])

import numpy as np

x1 = np.zeros(3)
print(x1)
print('-'*50)
x2 = np.zeros((2,3),dtype=np.uint8)
print(x2)

np.zeros(shape, dtype=float)建立内容是0的数组

import  numpy as np
x1=np.ones(3)
print(x1)
print('-'*50)
x2 = np.ones((2,3),dtype=np.uint8)
print(x2)

np.ones(object, dtype=None)建立内容是1的数组。

import numpy as np
x1 = np.empty(3)
print(x1)
print('-'*50)
x2 = np.empty((2,3), dtype=np.uint8)
print(x2)

 

 np.empty(shape, dtype=float)建立指定形状与数据类型的数组，数组内容未初始化。

import  numpy as np

x1 = np.random.randint(10,20)
print('返回值是10（含）到20（不含）的单一随机数')
print(x1)
print('-'*50)
print('返回一维数组10个元素，值是1（含）到5（不含）的随机数')
x2 = np.random.randint(1,5,10)
print(x2)
print('-'*50)
print('返回3*5数组，值是0（含）到10（不含）的随机数')
x3 = np.random.randint(10,size = (3,5))
print(x3)

np.random.randint(low, high=none, size=None, dtype=int)

low随机数的最小值（含此值）

heigh：是可选项，有此值则代表随机数的最大值（不含此值），如果不含此参数，随机数是0~low

size：可选项，表示数组的维度。

dtype：默认整数数据类型

import numpy as np

x = np.arange(16)
print(x)

np.arange(start, stop, step)

start:起始值，默认0

stop：结束值，不包含

step：相邻元素间距，默认1

import numpy as np

x1 = np.arange(16)
print(x1)
print(np.reshape(x1,(2,8)))

 np.reshape(a, newshape)

a:要更改的数组， newshap：新数组的外形，可以是数组或元组

有时候newshape的其中一个元素是-1，表示将依照另一个元素安排元素内容，自适应

import  numpy as np

x1 = np.arange(16)
print(x1)
print(np.reshape(x1,(-1,8)))

一维数组的运算与切片

import numpy as np

x = np.array([1,2,3])
y = x+5
print(y)
y = np.array([10,20,30])
z = x+y
print(z)
z = x*y
print(z)
z = x/y
print(z)

import numpy as np
x = np.array([1,2,3])
y = np.array([10,20,30])
z = x>y
print(z)
z = x<y
print(z)

关系运算符：>,>=,<,<=,==,!=

import  numpy as np
x = np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])
print(f"x[-3:-7:-1]={x[-3:-7:-1]}")
print(f"x[::]={x[::]}")
print(f"x[:]={x[:]}")
print(f"x[-1]={x[-1]}")

 

import numpy as np
x1 = np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5])
x2 = np.array(x1, copy = True)
print(x1)
print(x2)
print('-'*50)
x2[0] = 9
print(f"x1:{x1}")
print(f"x2:{x2}")

np.array()函数的参数copy设为True，就可以复制数组，当内容修改时彼此不会互相影响。

 

import numpy as np
x1 = np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5])
x2 = x1.copy()
print(x1)
print(x2)
print('-'*50)
x2[0] = 9
print(f"x1:{x1}")
print(f"x2:{x2}")

x2 = x1.copy()与上一个等价

多维数组的索引与切片

在轴（axis）中，最小轴号代表数组的最外层。

import  numpy as np
x1 = [0,1,2,3,4]
x2 = [5,6,7,8,9]
x3=[10,11,12,13,14]
x4 = np.array([x1,x2,x3])
x5 = np.array([x4,x4])
print(f"x5[0][2][1]={x5[0][2][1]}")
print(f"x5[0][1][3]={x5[0][1][3]}")
print(f"x5[1,0,1]={x5[1,0,1]}")
print(f"x5[1,1,4]={x5[1,1,4]}")

import numpy as np

x1 = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)
print(f'数组 1 \n{x1}')
x2 = np.arange(4,8).reshape(2,2)
print(f"数组 2 \n{x2}")
x = np.vstack((x1,x2))
print(f'合并结果 \n{x}')

 

x = np.vstack(tup)

tup:要垂直合并的两个数组

import numpy as np
x1 = np.arange(4).reshape(2,2)
print(f'数组 1 \n{x1}')
x2 = np.arange(4,8).reshape(2,2)
print(f"数组 2 \n{x2}")
x = np.hstack((x1,x2))
print(f'合并结果 \n{x}')

x = np.hstack(tup):水平合并数组