串口传输文件（YModem协议）

需求：通过串口线实现应用程序固件烧录到单片机的flash中
开发语言：C#
串口设置：串口号，波特率：115200；

文件传输函数如下：

        //烧录文件函数
        public bool YmodemUploadFile()
        {
            /* control signals */
            const byte STX = 2;  // Start of TeXt 
            const byte EOT = 4;  // End Of Transmission
            const byte ACK = 6;  // Positive ACknowledgement
            const byte C = 67;   // capital letter C
            /* sizes */
            const int dataSize = 1024;
            const int crcSize = 2;
            /* THE PACKET: 1029 bytes */
            /* header: 3 bytes */
            // STX        
            int invertedPacketNumber = 255;
            /* data: 1024 bytes */
            byte[] data = new byte[dataSize];
            /* footer: 2 bytes */
            byte[] CRC = new byte[crcSize];
            /* get the file */
            //string strfilepath = m_configData.ini_burningfilespath;
            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(@path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);//读取bin文件的path           
            m_strMsglogString += ("\r\nreading buring files...\r\n");
            ShowExcuteProcessInfo();            
            DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
            byte[] ack;
            ack = new byte[] { 0x31 };
            try
            {
                serialPort1.Write(ack, 0, 1);
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Exception");
            }
            Thread.Sleep(300);            
            try
            {
                ///* send the initial packet with filename and filesize */
                m_strMsglogString += ("waiting for the serial response...\r\n");
                ShowExcuteProcessInfo(); 
                int AAA = serialPort1.ReadByte();
                //pictureBoxResult.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.faillight;
                if (serialPort1.ReadByte() != C)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("Can't begin the transfer.");
                    //Console.WriteLine("Can't begin the transfer.");
                    //pictureBoxResult.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.faillight;
                    ShowTestFailResult();
                    return false;
                }
                m_strMsglogString += ("send the initial packet with filename and filesize ...\r\n");
                ShowExcuteProcessInfo(); 
                sendYmodemInitialPacket(STX, packetNumber, invertedPacketNumber, data, dataSize, path, fileStream, CRC, crcSize);
                if (serialPort1.ReadByte() != ACK)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("Can't send the initial packet.");
                    ShowTestFailResult();
                    return false;
                }

                if (serialPort1.ReadByte() != C)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("22Can't send the initial packet.");
                    ShowTestFailResult();
                    return false;
                }
                btn_download.Invoke
           (
                    //委托，托管无参数的任何方法
               new MethodInvoker
               (
                   delegate
                   {
                       btn_download.Text = "正在烧录";
                   }
               )
            );
                /* send packets with a cycle until we send the last byte */
                m_strMsglogString += ("\r\nsending packets...\r\n");
                ShowExcuteProcessInfo(); 
                int fileReadCount;
                do
                {
                    /* if this is the last packet fill the remaining bytes with 0 */
                    fileReadCount = fileStream.Read(data, 0, dataSize);

                    if (fileReadCount == 0) break;
                    if (fileReadCount != dataSize)
                        for (int i = fileReadCount; i < dataSize; i++)
                            data[i] = 0;
                    /*calculate packetNumber */
                    packetNumber++;
                    //if (packetNumber > 255)
                    //    packetNumber -= 256;
                    ThreadFunction();
                    Console.WriteLine(packetNumber);
                    //Thread.Sleep(300);
                    /* calculate invertedPacketNumber */
                    invertedPacketNumber = 255 - packetNumber % 256;

                    /* calculate CRC */
                    Crc16Ccitt crc16Ccitt = new Crc16Ccitt(InitialCrcValue.Zeros);
                    CRC = crc16Ccitt.ComputeChecksumBytes(data);

                    /* send the packet */
                    sendYmodemPacket(STX, packetNumber, invertedPacketNumber, data, dataSize, CRC, crcSize);

                    int iii = serialPort1.ReadByte();
                    /* wait for ACK */
                    if (iii != (int)ACK)
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show("Couldn't send a packet.");
                        //Console.WriteLine("Couldn't send a packet.");
                        ShowTestFailResult();
                        return false;
                    }
                } while (dataSize == fileReadCount);

                /* send EOT (tell the downloader we are finished) */
                serialPort1.Write(new byte[] { EOT }, 0, 1);
                /* send closing packet */
                packetNumber = 0;
                invertedPacketNumber = 255;
                data = new byte[dataSize];
                CRC = new byte[crcSize];
                m_strMsglogString += ("\r\nsend closing packet...\r\n");
                ShowExcuteProcessInfo(); 
                sendYmodemClosingPacket(STX, packetNumber, invertedPacketNumber, data, dataSize, CRC, crcSize);
                /* get ACK (downloader acknowledge the EOT) */
                if (serialPort1.ReadByte() != ACK)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Can't complete the transfer.");
                    ShowTestFailResult();
                    return false;
                }
            }
            catch (TimeoutException)
            {
                throw new Exception("Eductor does not answering");
            }
            finally
            {
                fileStream.Close();
            }
            packetNumber = fsLen;
            ThreadFunction();            
            Console.WriteLine("File transfer is succesful");
            TimeSpan span = DateTime.Now - dt;
            btn_download.Invoke
           (
                //委托，托管无参数的任何方法
               new MethodInvoker
               (
                   delegate
                   {
                       btn_download.Text = "开始烧录";
                   }
               )
            );          
            m_strMsglogString += ("\r\n烧录完成，耗时:" + span.ToString() + "\r\n");
            ShowExcuteProcessInfo(); 
            txb_section.Invoke
           (
                //委托，托管无参数的任何方法
               new MethodInvoker
               (
                   delegate
                   {
                       txb_section.Text = "0";
                   }
               )
            );
            Thread.Sleep(2000);            
            return true;
        }

文件传输函数包含了YModem协议文件传输的过程，根据YModem协议，发送数据之前和之后都需建立握手通信，

        //YModem协议 初始化包
        private void sendYmodemInitialPacket(byte STX, int packetNumber, int invertedPacketNumber, byte[] data, int dataSize, string path, FileStream fileStream, byte[] CRC, int crcSize)
        {
            string fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(path);
            string fileSize = fileStream.Length.ToString();

            /* add filename to data */
            int i;
            for (i = 0; i < fileName.Length && (fileName.ToCharArray()[i] != 0); i++)
            {
                data[i] = (byte)fileName.ToCharArray()[i];
            }
            data[i] = 0;

            /* add filesize to data */
            int j;
            for (j = 0; j < fileSize.Length && (fileSize.ToCharArray()[j] != 0); j++)
            {
                data[(i + 1) + j] = (byte)fileSize.ToCharArray()[j];
            }
            data[(i + 1) + j] = 0;

            /* fill the remaining data bytes with 0 */
            for (int k = ((i + 1) + j) + 1; k < dataSize; k++)
            {
                data[k] = 0;
            }

            /* calculate CRC */
            Crc16Ccitt crc16Ccitt = new Crc16Ccitt(InitialCrcValue.Zeros);
            CRC = crc16Ccitt.ComputeChecksumBytes(data);

            /* send the packet */
            sendYmodemPacket(STX, packetNumber, invertedPacketNumber, data, dataSize, CRC, crcSize);
        }
       
        //YModem协议 尾包
        private void sendYmodemClosingPacket(byte STX, int packetNumber, int invertedPacketNumber, byte[] data, int dataSize, byte[] CRC, int crcSize)
        {
            /* calculate CRC */
            Crc16Ccitt crc16Ccitt = new Crc16Ccitt(InitialCrcValue.Zeros);
            CRC = crc16Ccitt.ComputeChecksumBytes(data);

            /* send the packet */
            sendYmodemPacket(STX, packetNumber, invertedPacketNumber, data, dataSize, CRC, crcSize);
        }
        

以上是YModem协议进行文件传输的大致过程。由于YModem协议每次传输1024字节的数据，整个烧录文件是预加载的，可以根据具体情况加上进度条信息。

实现源码可参考：https://download.csdn.net/download/shufac/10308977