Android 8.0系统源码分析--Zygote启动过程分析

     上一节我们详细的看了下Android应用进程的启动过程分析，知道了应用进程是由Zygote进程调用Linux的系统函数fork复制出来的，那么Zygote进程是怎么启动起来的？这节我们就来看一下Zygote进程的启动过程。

     当我们的Android手机开机时，Linux的init进程会去加载init.rc配置文件，老罗博客上讲的是Android 2.3的系统，当前应该还没有64位的虚拟机，所以Zygote进程的启动都是配置在init.rc文件中，而8.0的Android源码中已经支持了32位的虚拟机和64位的虚拟机，而且有主次之分，所以就会有四个配置文件，截图如下：

     该配置文件的目录路径为：system\core\rootdir\，init.zygote32.rc文件表示当前的手机只配置有32位的Zygote，init.zygote32_64.rc文件表示当前的Zygote同时配置有32位和64位，而且以32位为主Zygote，64位为次Zygote，主次是怎么区分的呢？就是从配置文件中的--socket-name属性来区分的。另外两个init.zygote64.rc、init.zygote64_32.rc分别表示只支持64位的Zygote和同时两个支持，但是以64位为主。init.zygote32_64.rc配置文件的源码如下：

service zygote /system/bin/app_process32 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server --socket-name=zygote
    class main
    priority -20
    user root
    group root readproc
    socket zygote stream 660 root system
    onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart audioserver
    onrestart restart cameraserver
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart netd
    onrestart restart wificond
    writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks

service zygote_secondary /system/bin/app_process64 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --socket-name=zygote_secondary
    class main
    priority -20
    user root
    group root readproc
    socket zygote_secondary stream 660 root system
    onrestart restart zygote
    writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks

     大家可以看到，两个Zygote的name属性就表示出它们的主次了。init.rc文件加载完成后，两个Zygote虚拟机的name属性也用来在AMS请求创建新的应用进程时，进行匹配，这个过程我们上节已经看到了。Zygote是以service配置的，所以当解析该完成时，init进程就会调用fork去创建Zygote进程，并且执行app_main.cpp文件中的main函数，作为Zygote进行的启动入口。app_main.cpp文件的目录路径为：frameworks\base\cmds\app_process\app_main.cpp，它的main函数的源码如下：

int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
    if (!LOG_NDEBUG) {
      String8 argv_String;
      for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        argv_String.append("\"");
        argv_String.append(argv[i]);
        argv_String.append("\" ");
      }
      ALOGV("app_process main with argv: %s", argv_String.string());
    }

    AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
    // Process command line arguments
    // ignore argv[0]
    argc--;
    argv++;

    // Everything up to '--' or first non '-' arg goes to the vm.
    //
    // The first argument after the VM args is the "parent dir", which
    // is currently unused.
    //
    // After the parent dir, we expect one or more the following internal
    // arguments :
    //
    // --zygote : Start in zygote mode
    // --start-system-server : Start the system server.
    // --application : Start in application (stand alone, non zygote) mode.
    // --nice-name : The nice name for this process.
    //
    // For non zygote starts, these arguments will be followed by
    // the main class name. All remaining arguments are passed to
    // the main method of this class.
    //
    // For zygote starts, all remaining arguments are passed to the zygote.
    // main function.
    //
    // Note that we must copy argument string values since we will rewrite the
    // entire argument block when we apply the nice name to argv0.
    //
    // As an exception to the above rule, anything in "spaced commands"
    // goes to the vm even though it has a space in it.
    const char* spaced_commands[] = { "-cp", "-classpath" };
    // Allow "spaced commands" to be succeeded by exactly 1 argument (regardless of -s).
    bool known_command = false;

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        if (known_command == true) {
          runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
          ALOGV("app_process main add known option '%s'", argv[i]);
          known_command = false;
          continue;
        }

        for (int j = 0;
             j < static_cast<int>(sizeof(spaced_commands) / sizeof(spaced_commands[0]));
             ++j) {
          if (strcmp(argv[i], spaced_commands[j]) == 0) {
            known_command = true;
            ALOGV("app_process main found known command '%s'", argv[i]);
          }
        }

        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
            break;
        }
        if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
            ++i; // Skip --.
            break;
        }

        runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
        ALOGV("app_process main add option '%s'", argv[i]);
    }

    // Parse runtime arguments.  Stop at first unrecognized option.
    bool zygote = false;
    bool startSystemServer = false;
    bool application = false;
    String8 niceName;
    String8 className;

    ++i;  // Skip unused "parent dir" argument.
    while (i < argc) {
        const char* arg = argv[i++];
        if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) {
            zygote = true;
            niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) {
            startSystemServer = true;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
            application = true;
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
            niceName.setTo(arg + 12);
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
            className.setTo(arg);
            break;
        } else {
            --i;
            break;
        }
    }

    Vector<String8> args;
    if (!className.isEmpty()) {
        // We're not in zygote mode, the only argument we need to pass
        // to RuntimeInit is the application argument.
        //
        // The Remainder of args get passed to startup class main(). Make
        // copies of them before we overwrite them with the process name.
        args.add(application ? String8("application") : String8("tool"));
        runtime.setClassNameAndArgs(className, argc - i, argv + i);

        if (!LOG_NDEBUG) {
          String8 restOfArgs;
          char* const* argv_new = argv + i;
          int argc_new = argc - i;
          for (int k = 0; k < argc_new; ++k) {
            restOfArgs.append("\"");
            restOfArgs.append(argv_new[k]);
            restOfArgs.append("\" ");
          }
          ALOGV("Class name = %s, args = %s", className.string(), restOfArgs.string());
        }
    } else {
        // We're in zygote mode.
        maybeCreateDalvikCache();

        if (startSystemServer) {
            args.add(String8("start-system-server"));
        }

        char prop[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
        if (property_get(ABI_LIST_PROPERTY, prop, NULL) == 0) {
            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: Unable to determine ABI list from property %s.",
                ABI_LIST_PROPERTY);
            return 11;
        }

        String8 abiFlag("--abi-list=");
        abiFlag.append(prop);
        args.add(abiFlag);

        // In zygote mode, pass all remaining arguments to the zygote
        // main() method.
        for (; i < argc; ++i) {
            args.add(String8(argv[i]));
        }
    }

    if (!niceName.isEmpty()) {
        runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string(), true /* setProcName */);
    }

    if (zygote) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
    } else if (className) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.\n");
        app_usage();
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
    }
}

     该函数首先创建一个AppRuntime对象，然后对init.rc配置文件中的启动参数argc、argv[]进行解析，while循环中我们可以看到，如果配置的启动参数为--zygote，表示要启动Zygote进程，如果为--start-system-server表示要启动SystemServer进程，如果为--application就表示是普通的应用进程。我们当前的场景中就是第一个，参数解析完成后，此时的局部变量zygote的值为true，最后的if/else分支就会执行runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote)来继续完成Zygote进行的启动。

     接下来我们就看看AppRuntime的创建过程，AppRuntime类的定义也是在app_main文件中，该类的源码如下：

class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime
{
public:
    AppRuntime(char* argBlockStart, const size_t argBlockLength)
        : AndroidRuntime(argBlockStart, argBlockLength)
        , mClass(NULL)
    {
    }

    void setClassNameAndArgs(const String8& className, int argc, char * const *argv) {
        mClassName = className;
        for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
             mArgs.add(String8(argv[i]));
        }
    }

    virtual void onVmCreated(JNIEnv*