多态性之对象类型间的转换

对Java对象的强制类型转换称为造型

1. 从子类到父类的类型转换可以自动进行
2. 从父类到子类的类型转换必须通过造型(强制类型转换)实现
3. 无继承关系的引用类型间的转换是非法的
4. 在造型前可以使用instanceof操作符测试一个对象的类型
   

代码案例：

class Person{
	public Person(){
		System.out.println("Person Constructor");
	}
}
class Student extends Person{
	public Student(){
		System.out.println("Student Constructor");
	}
	public String getSchool(){
		return "University";		
	}
}
class Graduate extends Student{
	public Graduate(){
		System.out.println("Graduate Constructor");
	}
	public String getInstructor(){
		return "Dr Zhang";		
	}
}

public class Test {
	//向上转型  多态  父类的引用指向子类对象
    public void method(Person person) {
    	System.out.println("person="+person);
//        System.out.pritnln(person.getSchool()); //非法,编译时错误
//        System.out.pritnln(person.getInstructor()); //非法,编译时错误
    	System.out.println(person instanceof Person);//true  
    	System.out.println(person instanceof Student);//true  
    	System.out.println(person instanceof Graduate);//true  
        if (person instanceof Graduate) {//条件满足时，进行强制类型转换
        	Graduate graduate = (Graduate) person; // 将p强制转换为Graduate类型
            System.out.println("graduate="+graduate);
            System.out.println(graduate.getSchool());
            System.out.println(graduate.getInstructor());
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Test t = new Test();
        Graduate graduate = new Graduate();
        System.out.println("graduate="+graduate);
        t.method(graduate);
    }
}

输出结果

Person Constructor
Student Constructor
Graduate Constructor
graduate=java2.Graduate@6d06d69c
person=java2.Graduate@6d06d69c
true
true
true
graduate=java2.Graduate@6d06d69c
University
Dr Zhang