Direct3D 与 OpenGl

Direct3D 与 OpenGl虽然从整体语法和使用上具有一定的相似性，当在具体实现逻辑和命名上差距还是不小。慢慢体会。
Drect3D学习资料：https://www.lagou.com/lgeduarticle/96174.html
OpenGl学习资料：https://learnopengl.com/Getting-started/OpenGL

1、图元数据缓存（ID3D11Buffer）

ID3D11Buffer* m_vertex_buffer;
ID3D11Buffer* m_index_buffer;

ID3D11Buffer（缓冲接口）：用于访问缓冲区资源。缓冲区通常存储顶点或索引数据。
ID3D11Buffer初始化（ID3D11Device::CreateBuffer）

	// ID3D11Device* m_d3d11_device;

	Vertex vertices[] = {
		{float3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f), float2(0.0f, 1.0f)},
		{float3(-1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f), float2(0.0f, 0.0f)},
		{float3( 1.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f), float2(1.0f, 0.0f)},
		{float3( 1.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f), float2(1.0f, 1.0f)},
	};

	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertex_buffer_desc;
	ZeroMemory(&vertex_buffer_desc, sizeof(vertex_buffer_desc));
	vertex_buffer_desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
	vertex_buffer_desc.ByteWidth = sizeof(vertices);
	vertex_buffer_desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
	vertex_buffer_desc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
	vertex_buffer_desc.MiscFlags = 0;

	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA vertices_data; 
	ZeroMemory(&vertices_data, sizeof(vertices_data));
	vertices_data.pSysMem = vertices;
	m_d3d11_device->CreateBuffer(&vertex_buffer_desc, &vertices_data, &m_vertex_buffer);

ID3D11Buffer初始化需要两个必要参数：缓存描述（D3D11_BUFFER_DESC）；内存数据（D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA），通过这两个参数可以准确的告诉GPU应给如何访问和处理数据

2、着色器创建与设置

ID3D11InputLayout* m_vertex_layout;
ID3D11VertexShader* m_vertex_shader;
ID3D11PixelShader* m_pixel_shader;

ID3D11InputLayout通过CreateInputLayout函数进行初始化，主要用于描述顶点着色器输入数据的布局，相当于glsl中的glVertexAttribPointer，使得输入buffer与hlsl中的POSITION、NORMAL、TEXCOORD等映射起来。

virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateInputLayout( 
            /* [annotation] */ 
            _In_reads_(NumElements)  const D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC *pInputElementDescs,
            /* [annotation] */ 
            _In_range_( 0, D3D11_IA_VERTEX_INPUT_STRUCTURE_ELEMENT_COUNT )  UINT NumElements,
            /* [annotation] */ 
            _In_reads_(BytecodeLength)  const void *pShaderBytecodeWithInputSignature,
            /* [annotation] */ 
            _In_  SIZE_T BytecodeLength,
            /* [annotation] */ 
            _COM_Outptr_opt_  ID3D11InputLayout **ppInputLayout) = 0;

参数1：通过如下的eg，可以看出

const D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC VertexPosNormalTex::inputLayout[3] = {
	{ "POSITION", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
	{ "NORMAL", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, 0, 12, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 },
	{ "TEXCOORD", 0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT, 0, 24, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA, 0 }
};

着色器设置：

m_pd3dImmediateContext->VSSetShader(m_pVertexShader2D.Get(), nullptr, 0);
m_pd3dImmediateContext->PSSetShader(m_pPixelShader2D.Get(), nullptr, 0);
m_pd3dImmediateContext->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, m_pWoodTexture[0].GetAddressOf());

3、纹理资源

ID3D11ShaderResourceView：纹理资源
ID3D11SamplerState：采样器

4、常量缓冲区更新

该缓冲区相当于glsl的uniform

// ID3D11Buffer* m_pConstantBuffers[2]
D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedData;
HR(m_pd3dImmediateContext->Map(m_pConstantBuffers[0].Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &mappedData));
memcpy_s(mappedData.pData, sizeof(VSConstantBuffer), &m_VSConstantBuffer, sizeof(VSConstantBuffer));
m_pd3dImmediateContext->Unmap(m_pConstantBuffers[0].Get(), 0);