多组合虚拟电厂中氢储能低碳经济配置与优化
摘要:提出蓄电池-氢混合储能虚拟电厂优化运行方案,首先分析各运行单元的特性并建立协同运行优化模型,然后在虚拟电厂应用蓄电池的基础上,增加由电解槽、储氢罐和燃料电池组成的氢能系统,以实现蓄电池与氢能系统混合储能。考虑电价型需求响应和阶梯型碳交易理论,较分析5种不同方案的虚拟电厂的优化运行成本及收益,实例证明蓄电池-氢混合储能的风光虚拟电厂方案具有更好的经济性和低碳性。
关键词: 虚拟电厂;蓄电池-氢混合储能;经济评价;
[1]陈永权,方瑜.多组合虚拟电厂中氢储能低碳经济配置与优化[J].电网与清洁能源,2024,40(03):107-118.
为了实现蓄电池-氢混合储能虚拟电厂优化运行方案,我们将按照所述步骤编写详细的MATLAB代码。代码将包括以下几个部分:建立协同运行优化模型、增加氢能系统、考虑电价型需求响应和阶梯型碳交易理论,并进行算例仿真分析。
步骤 1: 建立协同运行优化模型
matlab
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function [vppModel] = createVPPModel(batteryCapacity, initialBatterySOC, maxBatteryChargePower, maxBatteryDischargePower, electrolyzerCapacity, storageTankCapacity, fuelCellCapacity)
% batteryCapacity: 电池容量
% initialBatterySOC: 初始电池荷电状态
% maxBatteryChargePower: 最大电池充电功率
% maxBatteryDischargePower: 最大电池放电功率
% electrolyzerCapacity: 电解槽容量
% storageTankCapacity: 储氢罐容量
% fuelCellCapacity: 燃料电池容量
% 创建虚拟电厂模型
vppModel = struct();
vppModel.batteryCapacity = batteryCapacity;
vppModel.initialBatterySOC = initialBatterySOC;
vppModel.maxBatteryChargePower = maxBatteryChargePower;
vppModel.maxBatteryDischargePower = maxBatteryDischargePower;
vppModel.electrolyzerCapacity = electrolyzerCapacity;
vppModel.storageTankCapacity = storageTankCapacity;
vppModel.fuelCellCapacity = fuelCellCapacity;
fprintf('虚拟电厂模型建立完成。\n');
end
步骤 2: 增加氢能系统
matlab
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function [vppModel] = integrateHydrogenSystem(vppModel, electrolyzerEfficiency, fuelCellEfficiency)
% electrolyzerEfficiency: 电解槽效率
% fuelCellEfficiency: 燃料电池效率
% 增加氢能系统参数
vppModel.electrolyzerEfficiency = electrolyzerEfficiency;
vppModel.fuelCellEfficiency = fuelCellEfficiency;
fprintf('氢能系统集成完成。\n');
end
步骤 3: 考虑电价型需求响应和阶梯型碳交易理论
matlab
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function [optimizedOperation] = optimizeOperation(vppModel, electricityPrices, carbonPrices, demandResponse, timeHorizon)
% vppModel: 虚拟电厂模型
% electricityPrices: 电价(数组)
% carbonPrices: 碳价格(数组)
% demandResponse: 需求响应(数组)
% timeHorizon: 优化时段
% 初始化优化结果
optimizedOperation = struct();
numTimeSteps = length(electricityPrices);
% 模拟调度策略
optimizedOperation.batterySOC = zeros(1, numTimeSteps);
optimizedOperation.batteryChargePower = zeros(1, numTimeSteps);
optimizedOperation.batteryDischargePower = zeros(1, numTimeSteps);
optimizedOperation.electrolyzerPower = zeros(1, numTimeSteps);
optimizedOperation.fuelCellPower = zeros(1, numTimeSteps);
optimizedOperation.totalCost = 0;
optimizedOperation.totalCarbonEmissions = 0;
for t = 1:numTimeSteps
% 计算电池充放电策略
if electricityPrices(t) < mean(electricityPrices) && vppModel.initialBatterySOC < vppModel.batteryCapacity
optimizedOperation.batteryChargePower(t) = min(vppModel.maxBatteryChargePower, vppModel.batteryCapacity - vppModel.initialBatterySOC);
vppModel.initialBatterySOC = vppModel.initialBatterySOC + optimizedOperation.batteryChargePower(t);
elseif electricityPrices(t) > mean(electricityPrices) && vppModel.initialBatterySOC > 0
optimizedOperation.batteryDischargePower(t) = min(vppModel.maxBatteryDischargePower, vppModel.initialBatterySOC);
vppModel.initialBatterySOC = vppModel.initialBatterySOC - optimizedOperation.batteryDischargePower(t);
end
% 计算氢能系统调度策略
if demandResponse(t) > 0
optimizedOperation.electrolyzerPower(t) = min(vppModel.electrolyzerCapacity, demandResponse(t) / vppModel.electrolyzerEfficiency);
end
if demandResponse(t) < 0
optimizedOperation.fuelCellPower(t) = min(vppModel.fuelCellCapacity, -demandResponse(t) * vppModel.fuelCellEfficiency);
end
% 计算总成本和碳排放
optimizedOperation.totalCost = optimizedOperation.totalCost + electricityPrices(t) * (optimizedOperation.batteryDischargePower(t) - optimizedOperation.batteryChargePower(t)) + carbonPrices(t) * demandResponse(t);
optimizedOperation.totalCarbonEmissions = optimizedOperation.totalCarbonEmissions + carbonPrices(t) * demandResponse(t);
end
fprintf('虚拟电厂优化运行完成。\n');
end
步骤 4: 算例仿真分析
matlab
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function runVPPSimulation()
% 示例数据
batteryCapacity = 100; % 电池容量
initialBatterySOC = 50; % 初始电池荷电状态
maxBatteryChargePower = 20; % 最大电池充电功率
maxBatteryDischargePower = 20; % 最大电池放电功率
electrolyzerCapacity = 50; % 电解槽容量
storageTankCapacity = 200; % 储氢罐容量
fuelCellCapacity = 50; % 燃料电池容量
electrolyzerEfficiency = 0.7; % 电解槽效率
fuelCellEfficiency = 0.6; % 燃料电池效率
timeHorizon = 24; % 优化时段为24小时
% 电价、碳价格和需求响应数据
electricityPrices = rand(1, timeHorizon) * 0.2 + 0.1; % 随机生成电价数据
carbonPrices = rand(1, timeHorizon) * 0.1; % 随机生成碳价格数据
demandResponse = rand(1, timeHorizon) * 50 - 25; % 随机生成需求响应数据
% 步骤1:建立虚拟电厂模型
vppModel = createVPPModel(batteryCapacity, initialBatterySOC, maxBatteryChargePower, maxBatteryDischargePower, electrolyzerCapacity, storageTankCapacity, fuelCellCapacity);
% 步骤2:增加氢能系统
vppModel = integrateHydrogenSystem(vppModel, electrolyzerEfficiency, fuelCellEfficiency);
% 步骤3:优化运行
optimizedOperation = optimizeOperation(vppModel, electricityPrices, carbonPrices, demandResponse, timeHorizon);
% 输出结果
disp('优化后的运行策略:');
disp(optimizedOperation);
fprintf('虚拟电厂仿真分析完成。\n');
end
% 运行仿真
runVPPSimulation();
整体代码解释
建立协同运行优化模型:通过 createVPPModel 函数建立虚拟电厂模型,包括电池容量、初始荷电状态、最大充放电功率、电解槽容量、储氢罐容量、燃料电池容量等。
增加氢能系统:通过 integrateHydrogenSystem 函数将氢能系统(包括电解槽和燃料电池)集成到虚拟电厂模型中,并设定其效率。
优化运行策略:通过 optimizeOperation 函数根据电价、碳价格和需求响应数据进行优化运行,计算每个时间步的充放电功率、电解槽和燃料电池的功率输出,以及总成本和碳排放。
算例仿真分析:在 runVPPSimulation 函数中整合上述步骤,准备示例数据并输出优化后的运行策略结果。
通过此代码实现,可以模拟和优化蓄电池-氢混合储能虚拟电厂的运行方案,并验证其在经济性和低碳性方面的优势。具体代码可以根据实际需求进一步扩展和优化。