Ubuntu安装opencv4

如果你之前安装过OpenCV，最好先卸干净:

sudo make uninstall   #
cd ..
sudo rm -r build
sudo rm -r /usr/local/include/opencv2 /usr/local/include/opencv /usr/include/opencv /usr/include/opencv2 /usr/local/share/opencv /usr/local/share/OpenCV /usr/share/opencv /usr/share/OpenCV /usr/local/bin/opencv* /usr/local/lib/libopencv* 

接下来:

sudo apt-get --purge remove opencv-doc opencv-data python-opencv

1、获取opencv安装包：

可以百度云盘搜索，也可以用git clone的方法：

#获取opencv源码
git clone git@github.com:opencv/opencv.git
#获取opencv_contrib源码，根据自己需要，可以不安装
git clone git@github.com:opencv/opencv_contrib.git 

2、安装依赖库

sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libvtk7-dev libjpeg-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libopenexr-dev libtbb-dev

报错：E: Unable to locate package libjasper-dev的解决办法

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main"
sudo apt update

3、安装opencv

以opencv-4.1.0为例，将下载后的解压，按以下命令操作：

3.1 cmake

unzip opencv-4.1.0.zip

cd opencv-4.1.0

mkdir build

cd build

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DOPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv -DPYTHON3_LIBRARY=../anaconda3/lib/libpython3.8.so ..  #设置安装目录,注意后面的两个点不要丢，否则找不到cmakelist文件
make # 编译 这一步会花一点时间,大概20分钟到一个小时,如果你的cpu性能好，可以用 make -j8

更全的安装命令：

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -DOPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_GTK=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -D BUILD_TIFF=ON -D WITH_IPP=ON -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D WITH_FFMPEG=ON ..

-DOPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON opencv4 默认不生产pc文件,需要开启此项

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/opencv opencv的安装路径,可以省略,将安装到默认/usr/local目录

-DOPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=…/…/opencv_contrib/modules/ 将 opencv 和 opencv_contrib 一起编译，如果不需要 opencv_contrib 可以将此项去掉

这一步成功后显示如下：

3.2 make install

输入以下命令：

make -j12

接下来：

sudo make install

至此，安装工作已经完了，接下来进行配置。

4、配置

输入以下命令：

cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
sudo touch opencv.conf
# 根据安装位置
sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/opencv/lib" > opencv.conf'  //注意自己的安装位置
sudo ldconfig

然后，复制.pc文件：

sudo cp -f /usr/local/opencv/lib/pkgconfig/opencv4.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig/opencv4.pc

注意，我安装的是4.1.0，生成的是opencv4.pc，不是opencv.pc

测试一下：

pkg-config --modversion opencv4

输出：

附：

如果以前安装失败，最好将之前安装残留的文件完全清除，先进入之前opencv的build文件夹下，然后输入以下命令：

sudo make uninstall
cd ..
sudo rm -r build
sudo rm -r /usr/local/include/opencv2 /usr/local/include/opencv /usr/include/opencv /usr/include/opencv2 /usr/local/share/opencv /usr/local/share/OpenCV /usr/share/opencv /usr/share/OpenCV /usr/local/bin/opencv* /usr/local/lib/libopencv* 
sudo apt-get --purge remove opencv-doc opencv-data python-opencv

opencv3的安装和opencv4相同，需要注意的是，如果要安装两个版本的opencv，安装路径最好区分一下，便于以后配置环境

下面是分别用到opencv3和opencv4时对应的CmakeList.txt设置案例：

opencv3

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(ch8)

set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release")
add_definitions("-DENABLE_SSE")
#使用时最好将-march=native去掉，防止报内存错误
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 ${SSE_FLAGS} -g -O3 -march=native")

find_package(OpenCV 3.4.14 REQUIRED)
find_package(Sophus REQUIRED)
find_package(Pangolin REQUIRED)

include_directories(
        ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        ${G2O_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        ${Sophus_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        "/usr/include/eigen3/"
        ${Pangolin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

add_executable(optical_flow optical_flow.cpp)
target_link_libraries(optical_flow ${OpenCV_LIBS})

add_executable(direct_method direct_method.cpp)
target_link_libraries(direct_method ${OpenCV_LIBS} ${Pangolin_LIBRARIES})

opencv4

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(ch8)

set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release")
add_definitions("-DENABLE_SSE")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 ${SSE_FLAGS} -g -O3 -march=native")
set(${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS} "/usr/local/opencv4/")
set(${OpenCV_LIBS}  "/usr/local/opencv4/lib/")
find_package(OpenCV 4.2.0 REQUIRED)
find_package(Sophus REQUIRED)
find_package(Pangolin REQUIRED)

include_directories(
        ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        ${G2O_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        ${Sophus_INCLUDE_DIRS}
        "/usr/include/eigen3/"
        ${Pangolin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

add_executable(optical_flow optical_flow.cpp)
target_link_libraries(optical_flow ${OpenCV_LIBS})

add_executable(direct_method direct_method.cpp)
target_link_libraries(direct_method ${OpenCV_LIBS} ${Pangolin_LIBRARIES})

报错：/usr/bin/ld: warning: libzstd.so.1.3.7, needed by //home/user/anaconda3/lib/libtiff.so.5

原因使用了其它的tiff编译版本库，cmake的时候加上：

-D BUILD_TIFF=ON -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF

not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link) 

报错：libavcodec.a(vc1dsp_mmx.o)：针对符号`ff_pw_9‘的重定位R_X86_64_PC32

ffmpeg安装问题，参考：ffmpeg安装过程记录

编译工具的选择

建议用g+±7

参考文献：

【1】在Ubuntu16.04下安装OpenCV环境，详细执行步骤和测试案例，良心填坑帖
【2】linux环境下编译安装opencv
【3】ubuntu安装opencv 解决ippicv下载问题:ippicv_2019_lnx_intel64_general_20180723.tgz
【4】如何在项目中区分使用opencv3和opencv4而不会产生冲突
【5】ffmpeg安装过程记录