Unity类银河战士恶魔城学习总结（P179 Enemy Archer 弓箭手）

教程源地址：https://www.udemy.com/course/2d-rpg-alexdev/

本章节实现了敌人弓箭手的制作

Enemy_Archer.cs

核心功能

1. 状态机管理敌人的行为

   • 定义了多个状态对象（如 idleState、moveState、attackState 等），通过状态机管理敌人的状态切换。
   • 状态包括空闲、移动、攻击、跳跃、受击眩晕、死亡等。

2. 攻击逻辑

   • 使用 AnimationSepcoalAttackTrigger 方法生成箭矢。
   • 创建箭矢对象时，调用 Arrow_Controller.SetUpArrow 为其设置速度和伤害信息。
   • 箭矢会根据面向方向（facingDir）飞向目标。

3. 地形检测

   • GroundBenhundCheck 方法：检查敌人背后的地面是否存在，通过 Physics2D.BoxCast 实现。
   • WallBehind 方法：检测敌人背后的墙壁是否存在，通过 Physics2D.Raycast 实现。
   • 这些方法用于辅助弓箭手的移动或跳跃逻辑，确保其行为合理。

4. 受击与死亡

   • CanBeStunned 方法：判断弓箭手是否能被眩晕，并切换到 stunnedState。
   • Die 方法：当弓箭手死亡时，切换到 deadState。

5. 可视化调试

   • OnDrawGizmos 方法：在 Unity 编辑器中绘制背后地面检测区域，帮助开发者直观了解地形检测的范围。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;


//2024.12.11
public class Enemy_Archer : Enemy
{

    [Header("弓箭手特殊信息")]//Archer specific info
    [SerializeField] private GameObject arrowPrefab;
    [SerializeField] private float arrowSpeed;
    [SerializeField] private int arrowDamage;

    public Vector2 jumpVelocity;
    public float jumpCooldown;
    public float safeDistance;//安全距离
    [HideInInspector]public float lastTimeJumped;


    [Header("额外的碰撞检查")]//Additional collision check
    [SerializeField] private Transform groundBehindCheck;
    [SerializeField] private Vector2 groundBehindCheckSize;


    #region States

    public ArcherIdleState idleState { get; private set; }
    public ArcherMoveState moveState { get; private set; }
    public ArcherBattleState battleState { get; private set; }
    public ArcherAttackState attackState { get; private set; }
    public ArcherDeadState deadState { get; private set; }
    public ArcherStunnedState stunnedState { get; private set; }
    public ArcherJumpState ArcherJumpState { get; private set; }

    #endregion


    protected override void Awake()
    {
        base.Awake();

        idleState = new ArcherIdleState(this, stateMachine, "Idle", this);
        moveState = new ArcherMoveState(this, stateMachine, "Move", this);
        battleState = new ArcherBattleState(this, stateMachine, "Idle", this);
        attackState = new ArcherAttackState(this, stateMachine, "Attack", this);
        deadState = new ArcherDeadState(this, stateMachine, "Move", this);
        stunnedState = new ArcherStunnedState(this, stateMachine, "Stun", this);
        ArcherJumpState = new ArcherJumpState(this, stateMachine, "Jump", this);
    }

    protected override void Start()
    {
        base.Start();

        stateMachine.Initialize(idleState);
    }


    public override bool CanBeStunned()
    {
        if (base.CanBeStunned())
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(stunnedState);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }


    public override void Die()
    {
        base.Die();

        stateMachine.ChangeState(deadState);
    }


    public override void AnimationSepcoalAttackTrigger()
    {
        GameObject newArrow = Instantiate(arrowPrefab, attackCheck.position, Quaternion.identity);

        newArrow.GetComponent<Arrow_Controller>().SetUpArrow(arrowSpeed * facingDir, stats);
    }

    public bool GroundBenhundCheck() => Physics2D.BoxCast(groundBehindCheck.position, groundBehindCheckSize, 0, Vector2.zero, 0, whatIsGround);

    public bool WallBehind() => Physics2D.Raycast(wallCheck.position, Vector2.right * -facingDir, wallCheckDistance +2, whatIsGround);


    protected override void OnDrawGizmos()
    {
        base.OnDrawGizmos();

        Gizmos.DrawWireCube(groundBehindCheck.position, groundBehindCheckSize);
    }
}

ArcherMoveState.cs

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;

public class ArcherMoveState : ArcherGroundState
{

    public ArcherMoveState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Archer _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName, _enemy)
    {
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        enemy.SetVelocity(enemy.moveSpeed * enemy.facingDir, enemy.rb.velocity.y);

        if (enemy.IsWallDetected() || !enemy.IsGroundDetected())//撞墙或者没有路反转
        {
            enemy.Flip();
            
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.idleState);
        }
    }
}

Arrow_Controller.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

//2024.12.11
public class Arrow_Controller : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] private int damage;//箭矢造成的伤害值
    [SerializeField] private string targetLayerName = "Player";//箭矢的目标层

    [SerializeField] private float xVelocity;
    [SerializeField] private Rigidbody2D rb;

    [SerializeField] private bool canMove;
    [SerializeField] private bool flipped;

    private CharacterStats myStats;

    private void Update()
    {
        if(canMove)
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(xVelocity, rb.velocity.y);
    }
    
    public void SetUpArrow(float _speed,CharacterStats _myStats)
    {
        xVelocity = _speed;

        myStats = _myStats;
    }
    


    private void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D collision)
    {
        if(collision.gameObject.layer == LayerMask.NameToLayer(targetLayerName))
        {

            collision.GetComponent<CharacterStats>().TakeDamage(damage);//箭的伤害

            myStats.DoDamage(collision.GetComponent<CharacterStats>());//弓箭手的额外属性

            StuckInto(collision);

        }
        else if (collision.gameObject.layer == LayerMask.NameToLayer("Ground"))
        {
            StuckInto(collision);
        }

    }


    private void StuckInto(Collider2D collision)//射中目标
    {
        GetComponentInChildren<ParticleSystem>().Stop();//停止粒子系统
        GetComponent<Collider2D>().enabled = false;
        canMove = false;
        rb.isKinematic = true;//刚体为运动
        rb.constraints = RigidbodyConstraints2D.FreezeAll;
        transform.parent = collision.transform;//箭矢的父物体为碰撞物体

        Destroy(gameObject, Random.Range(5,7));
    }


    public void FlipArrow()
    {
        if (flipped)
            return;


        xVelocity = xVelocity * -1;
        flipped = true;
        transform.Rotate(0,180,0);
        targetLayerName = "Enemy";

    }
}

ArcherBattleState.cs

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;

//2024.12.11
public class ArcherBattleState : EnemyState
{
    private Transform player;
    private Enemy_Archer enemy;
    private int moveDir;


    public ArcherBattleState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Archer _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = _enemy;
    }


    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        //player = GameObject.Find("Player").transform;
        player = PlayerManager.instance.player.transform;

        if (player.GetComponent<PlayerStats>().isDead)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.moveState);

    }


    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected())
        {
            stateTimer = enemy.battleTime;

            if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected().distance < enemy.safeDistance)//小于安全距离
            {
                if (CanJump())
                    stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.ArcherJumpState);//跳走


            }


            if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected().distance < enemy.attackDistance)
            {
                if (CanAttack())
                    stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.attackState);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (stateTimer < 0 || Vector2.Distance(player.transform.position, enemy.transform.position) > 10)//超过距离或者时间到了
                stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.idleState);
        }

        BattleStateFlipController();

    }

    private void BattleStateFlipController()
    {
        if (player.position.x > enemy.transform.position.x && enemy.facingDir == -1)
            enemy.Flip();
        else if (player.position.x < enemy.transform.position.x && enemy.facingDir == 1)
            enemy.Flip();
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }

    private bool CanAttack()
    {
        if (Time.time >= enemy.lastTimeAttack + enemy.attackCoolDown)
        {
            enemy.attackCoolDown = Random.Range(enemy.minAttackCoolDown, enemy.maxAttackCoolDown);
            enemy.lastTimeAttack = Time.time;
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }


    private bool CanJump()
    {
        if(enemy.GroundBenhundCheck() == false || enemy.WallBehind() ==true)
            return false;

        if (Time.time >= enemy.lastTimeJumped + enemy.jumpCooldown)
        {
            enemy.lastTimeJumped = Time.time;
            return true;
        }


        return false;
    }
}
        

ArcherGroundState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

//2024.12.11
public class ArcherGroundState : EnemyState
{

    protected Transform player;
    protected Enemy_Archer enemy;

    public ArcherGroundState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName,Enemy_Archer _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        enemy = _enemy;
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        player = PlayerManager.instance.player.transform;//p63 3:43改
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected() || Vector2.Distance(enemy.transform.position, player.transform.position) < enemy.agroDistance)
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.battleState);
        }
    }
}

ArcherIdleState.cs

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;

public class ArcherIdleState : ArcherGroundState
{
    public ArcherIdleState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Archer _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName, _enemy)
    {
    }


    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        stateTimer = enemy.idleTime;
    }


    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();

        AudioManager.instance.PlaySFX(24, enemy.transform);
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (stateTimer < 0)
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.moveState);
        }
    }
}

 ArcherStunnedState.cs

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;

//2024.12.11
public class ArcherStunnedState : EnemyState
{
    private Enemy_Archer enemy;

    public ArcherStunnedState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Archer enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = enemy;
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        enemy.fx.InvokeRepeating("RedColorBlink", 0, .1f); //这行代码使用 InvokeRepeating 方法，每隔 0.1 秒调用一次 RedColorBlink 方法。

        stateTimer = enemy.stunDuration;

        rb.velocity = new Vector2(-enemy.facingDir * enemy.stunDirection.x, enemy.stunDirection.y);
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();

        enemy.fx.Invoke("CancelColorChange", 0);//Invoke 方法用于在指定的延迟时间后调用某个方法。在这里，延迟时间为 0
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.idleState);

    }
}

ArcherAttackState.cs

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;

public class ArcherAttackState : EnemyState
{
    private Enemy_Archer enemy;

    public ArcherAttackState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Archer _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = _enemy;
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();

        enemy.lastTimeAttack = Time.time;
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        enemy.SetZeroVelocity();

        if (triggerCalled)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.battleState);
    }
}