1、传值调用;
2、传址调用(参数为指针变量、引用类型、数组名)
传值调用,形参改变,实参不变,如下述例子:
void swap(int m, int n)
{
int temp = m;
m = n;
n = temp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 3;
int b = 10;cout << a << " " << b << endl;
swap(a, b);
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
交换前后a,b值不变;
传址调用,形参影响实参:传地址调用,参数为指针变量
void swap(int* m, int* n)
{
int temp = *m;
*m = *n;
*n = temp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 3;
int b = 10;
int* p1, * p2;
p1 = &a;
p2 = &b;
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
swap(p1, p2);
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
交换前后a,b值改变
传址调用:参数为数组名,形参影响实参
void reverse(int a[])//方括号中不能指定大小,或者是用int *a
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
a[i] = 5 - i;
}
}
int main()
{
int a[] = {1,2,3,4,5};
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout << a[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
reverse(a);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cout << a[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
反转前后数组逆序,缺点是阅读性较差,容易产生错误;
传址调用,形参影响实参:引用
void swap(int &m, int &n)
{
int temp = m;
m = n;
n = temp;
}
int main()
{
int a = 3;
int b = 10;
cout << a<<" " << b << endl;
swap(a, b);
cout << a << " " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
交换前后a,b值改变;其优点是直接对实参进行操作,比用一般变量传递参数的时间和空间效率好。