夹逼定理简介

极限知识

• $\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\sin x}{x}=1,\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }(1+x{)}^{\frac{1}{x}}=e$
• $x\to 0$时
  (1) $x\sim \sin x\sim \tan x\sim \arcsin x\sim \arctan x\sim ln(1+x)\sim e^x-1$
  (2)$1-\cos x\sim \frac{1}{2}{x}^{2}1-co{s}^{a}x\sim \frac{a}{2}{x}^2$
  (3)$\sqrt{1+x}-1\sim \frac{1}{2}x(1+x{)}^a-1\sim ax$

夹逼定理

若在$x_0$的邻域内，恒有$g(x)\le f(x)\le h(x)$，且$\underset{x\to x_0}{\lim }g(x)=\underset{x\to x_0}{\lim }h(x)=A$，则$\underset{x\to x_0}{\lim }f(x)=A$

例1：

求$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+1}+\frac{2}{n^2+2}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+n})$

解：$\because \underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+n}+\frac{2}{n^2+n}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+n})$

$\le \underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+1}+\frac{2}{n^2+2}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+n})$

$\le \underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+1}+\frac{2}{n^2+1}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+1})$

左侧：$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+n}+\frac{2}{n^2+n}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+n})=\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }\frac{\frac{n^2+n}{2}}{n^2+n}=\frac{1}{2}$

右侧：$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+1}+\frac{2}{n^2+1}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+1})=\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }\frac{\frac{n^2+n}{2}}{n^2+1}=\frac{1}{2}$

$\therefore \underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n^2+1}+\frac{2}{n^2+2}+\cdots +\frac{n}{n^2+n})=\frac{1}{2}$

例2：

求$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\cdots +\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}})$

解：$\because \frac{n}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}\le (\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\cdots +\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}})\le \frac{n}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}$

左侧：$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }\frac{n}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}=\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n}}}=1$

右侧：$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }\frac{n}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}=\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}}=1$

$\therefore \underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\cdots +\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}})=1$