前置知识：函数的连续
设 f ( x ) = { ( 1 + a x ) 1 x , x > 0 e , x = 0 sin a x b x , x < 0 f(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix}(1+ax)^{\frac 1x},\quad x>0 \\ e,\qquad \qquad \ \ \ x=0\\ \dfrac{\sin ax}{bx},\qquad \ \ x<0\end{matrix}\right. f(x)=⎩ ⎨ ⎧(1+ax)x1,x>0e, x=0bxsinax, x<0，问 a , b a,b a,b各取何值时， f ( x ) f(x) f(x)在 x = 0 x=0 x=0处连续。
解：
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\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}f(x)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sin ax}{bx}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\dfrac{ax}{bx}=\dfrac ab
x→0−limf(x)=x→0limbxsinax=x→0−limbxax=ba
\qquad 右极限 lim x → 0 + f ( x ) = lim x → 0 + ( 1 + a x ) 1 x = lim x → 0 + ( ( 1 + a x ) 1 a x ) a = e a \lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}f(x)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}(1+ax)^{\frac 1x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}((1+ax)^{\frac{1}{ax}})^a=e^a x→0+limf(x)=x→0+lim(1+ax)x1=x→0+lim((1+ax)ax1)a=ea
\qquad 函数值 f ( 0 ) = e f(0)=e f(0)=e
\qquad 若函数在 x = 0 x=0 x=0处连续，则 a b = e a = e \dfrac ab=e^a=e ba=ea=e，可得 a = 1 , b = 1 e a=1,b=\dfrac 1e a=1,b=e1
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