自动白平衡算法原理及结合Opencv的C++实现

算法原理

完美反射理论假设图像中最亮的点就是白点，并以此白点为参考对图像进行自动白平衡，最亮点定义为R+G+B的最大值。

算法过程

1.计算每个像素R,G,B之后，并保存
2.按照R+G+B的值的大小计算出其前10%或其他Ratio的白色参考点的阈值T
3.遍历图像中的每个点，计算其中R+G+B值大于T的所有点的R\G\B分量的累积和的平均值
4.将每个像素量化到[0, 255]

代码实现

//自动白平衡
int AutoBlance(Mat& src, Mat& dst)
{
	int ret = PreDealSource(src, dst);
	if (-1 == ret)
		return -1;
	vector<int>vHistRGB(767, 0);
	uchar iMaxVal = 0;
	int iSum = 0;
	uchar utemp;

	int nrows = src.rows;
	int ncols = src.cols;
	int jMax = ncols*src.channels();
 
	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
	{
		uchar *psrc = src.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (j = 0; j < jMax;)
		{
			iSum = 0;
			utemp = psrc[j++];
			iMaxVal = iMaxVal > utemp ? iMaxVal : utemp;
			iSum += utemp;
			utemp = psrc[j++];
			iMaxVal = iMaxVal > utemp ? iMaxVal : utemp;
			iSum += utemp;
			utemp = psrc[j++];
			iMaxVal = iMaxVal > utemp ? iMaxVal : utemp;
			iSum += utemp;
			vHistRGB[iSum]++;
		}
	}
	iSum = 0;
	int nsize = nrows*ncols;
	int iThreshLimit = static_cast<int>(nsize*0.1);
	int iThreshold = 0;
	for (i = 766; i >= 0; i--) 
	{
		iSum += vHistRGB[i];
		if (iSum > iThreshLimit) 
		{
			iThreshold = i;
			break;
		}
	}
	float AvgB = 0.0f;
	float AvgG = 0.0f;
	float AvgR = 0.0f;
	int cnt = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++)
	{
		uchar *psrc = src.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (j = 0; j < jMax; j+=3)
		{
			int sumP = static_cast<int>(psrc[j])+ static_cast<int>(psrc[j+1]) + static_cast<int>(psrc[j+2]);
			if (sumP > iThreshold)
			{
				AvgB += static_cast<float>(psrc[j]);
				AvgG += static_cast<float>(psrc[j + 1]);
				AvgR += static_cast<float>(psrc[j + 2]);
				cnt++;
			}
		}
	}
	AvgB = cnt*iMaxVal / AvgB;
	AvgG = cnt*iMaxVal / AvgG;
	AvgR = cnt*iMaxVal / AvgR;
	for (i = 0; i < nrows; i++) 
	{
		uchar *psrc = src.ptr<uchar>(i);
		uchar *pdst = dst.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for (j = 0; j < jMax;) 
		{
			int Blue = static_cast<int>(psrc[j] * AvgB);
			Blue = Blue > 255 ? 255 : Blue;
			pdst[j] = static_cast<uchar>(Blue);
			j++;
			int Green = static_cast<int>(psrc[j] * AvgG);
			Green = Green > 255 ? 255 : Green;
			pdst[j] = static_cast<uchar>(Green);
			j++;
			int Red = static_cast<int>(psrc[j] * AvgR);
			Red = Red > 255 ? 255 : Red;
			pdst[j] = static_cast<uchar>(Red);
			j++;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

#include<iostream>
#include <windows.h>
#include"ImageAlgorithm.h"
using namespace std;
/测试程序
void testAutoBalance()
{
	Mat src = imread("E:\\AlgorithmImage\\autobalance2.jpg");
	Mat dst;
	int ret = AutoBlance(src, dst);
	/*if (0 == ret)
	{
		imshow("src", src);
		imshow("dst", dst);
		waitKey(0);
	}*/
}

//主函数
int main()
{
	LARGE_INTEGER t1, t2, tc;
	QueryPerformanceFrequency(&tc);
	QueryPerformanceCounter(&t1);
//	testGrayWorld();
	testAutoBalance();
	QueryPerformanceCounter(&t2);
	printf("Use Time:%f\n", (t2.QuadPart - t1.QuadPart)*1.0 / tc.QuadPart);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

仿真条件

Opencv4.3.0
VS2015
CPU:AMD

图像处理效果及时间

Debug：0.152
Release：0.009

Debug：0.154
Release：0.009

参考文献

自动白平衡
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