1 子午圈曲率半径
M
=
∣
d
s
d
B
∣
=
∣
d
s
d
x
⋅
d
x
d
B
∣
M = \left| {{{ds} \over {dB}}} \right| = \left| {{{ds} \over {dx}} \cdot {{dx} \over {dB}}} \right|
M=∣
∣dBds∣
∣=∣
∣dxds⋅dBdx∣
∣
d
s
=
(
d
x
)
2
+
(
d
y
)
2
⇒
d
s
d
x
=
1
+
(
d
y
d
x
)
2
=
1
+
cot
2
B
ds = \sqrt {{{(dx)}^2} + {{(dy)}^2}} \Rightarrow {{ds} \over {dx}} = \sqrt {1 + {{({{dy} \over {dx}})}^2}} = \sqrt {1 + {{\cot }^2}B}
ds=(dx)2+(dy)2⇒dxds=1+(dxdy)2=1+cot2B
x
=
N
cos
B
=
a
W
cos
B
=
a
cos
B
1
−
e
2
sin
2
B
x = N\cos B = {a \over W}\cos B = {{a\cos B} \over {\sqrt {1 - {e^2}{{\sin }^2}B} }}
x=NcosB=WacosB=1−e2sin2BacosB
根据上式对
B
B
B求导得
d
x
d
B
=
−
a
sin
B
W
3
(
1
−
e
2
)
{{dx} \over {dB}} = - {{a\sin B} \over {{W^3}}}(1 - {e^2})
dBdx=−W3asinB(1−e2)
从而有
M
=
1
+
cot
2
B
∙
a
sin
B
W
3
(
1
−
e
2
)
=
a
(
1
−
e
2
)
W
3
M = \sqrt {1 + {{\cot }^2}B} \bullet {{a\sin B} \over {{W^3}}}\left( {1 - {e^2}} \right) = {{a\left( {1 - {e^2}} \right)} \over {{W^3}}}
M=1+cot2B∙W3asinB(1−e2)=W3a(1−e2)
子午圈曲率半径为
M
=
a
(
1
−
e
2
)
W
3
=
c
V
3
M = {{a\left( {1 - {e^2}} \right)} \over {{W^3}}} = {c \over {{V^3}}}
M=W3a(1−e2)=V3c
特点: M M M随纬度增加而增大, c c c为极点处的子午圈曲率半径。
2 卯酉圈曲率半径
N
=
a
W
=
c
V
N = {a \over W} = {c \over V}
N=Wa=Vc
特点:
N
N
N随纬度的增加而增加,
c
c
c为极点处的卯酉圈曲率半径,极点处
M
=
N
M=N
M=N
3 平均曲率半径
R = M N R=\sqrt{MN} R=MN
4 M M M、 N N N、 R R R之间的关系
N>R>M,即卯酉圈曲率半径最大,子午圈曲率半径最小
曲率半径 | 表达式 | 特点 |
---|---|---|
N(卯酉圈) | c V {c \over V} Vc或 a ( 1 − e 2 ) 0 W 1 {{a{{\left( {1 - {e^2}} \right)}^0}} \over {{W^1}}} W1a(1−e2)0 | N随纬度的增加而增加,c为极点处的卯酉圈曲率半径,极点处M=N |
R(平均) | c V 2 {c \over {{V^2}}} V2c 或 a ( 1 − e 2 ) 1 W 2 {{a{{\left( {1 - {e^2}} \right)}^1}} \over {{W^2}}} W2a(1−e2)1 | |
M(子午圈) | c V 3 {c \over {{V^3}}} V3c或 a ( 1 − e 2 ) 2 W 3 {{a{{\left( {1 - {e^2}} \right)}^2}} \over {{W^3}}} W3a(1−e2)2 | M随纬度增加而增大,c为极点处的子午圈曲率半径 |