Linux通过c语言函数管理网络(1)-----获取/修改IP和MAC地址

在Linux下编写程序经常遇到需要对网卡进行管理，但是在glic库中或者其他函数库中却发现没有境界能用的API。有的人在程序中通过system()执行ifconfig命令进行配置,但是获取参数却很麻烦，也有的人通过int getifaddrs(struct ifaddrs **ifap);去获取ip地址等信息，但是只能获取，却不能配置。

还有是通过ioctl()接口进行控制，ioctl接口算是比较常用的，具体如何使用可以从参考：

Linux下通过C语言管理网络--基于ioctl_霍宏鹏的专栏-CSDN博客Linux下通过ioctl接口获取和设置IP地址，获取和设置mac地址，获取和设置网卡当前状态​编辑https://huohongpeng.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120866088

netdevice(7) - Linux manual page​编辑https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/netdevice.7.html还有是通过netlink协议，在NETLINK_ROUTE协议下进行通信，可以参考：

https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/rtnetlink.7.html
https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/rtnetlink.3.html

但是处理原始的netlink消息非常麻烦，且容易出错。但是netlink的功能相比于上面的方法要强大，比如现在ioctl()接口是不能处理ipv6的。netlink还可以轻松的获取路由信息。

我这里不直接使用netlink进行配置，其实早就已经有大牛帮我们写好了netlink相关的库即libnl-3.0，关于libnl的相关介绍可以看：

https://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/doc/route.html
http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/
http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/doc/api/group__core.html

编译下面函数需要：

1. -lnl-route-3

2. -lnl-3

3. -Ilibnl3

1. /*

2. * Copyright (C) 2021, 2021 huohongpeng

3. * Author: huohongpeng <1045338804@qq.com>

4. *

5. * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify

6. * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

7. * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or

8. * (at your option) any later version.

9. *

10. * Change logs:

11. * Date Author Notes

12. * 2021-10-19 huohongpeng 首次添加

13. */

14. #include <stdio.h>

15. #include <string.h>

16. #include <stdlib.h>

17. #include <sys/types.h>

18. #include <sys/socket.h>

19. #include <arpa/inet.h>

20. #include <linux/netlink.h>

21. #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>

22. #include <linux/route.h>

23. #include <errno.h>

24. #include <netlink/route/link.h>

25. #include <netlink/route/route.h>

26. #include <netlink/route/addr.h>

27. #include <netlink/netlink.h>

28. #include <linux/if_arp.h>

29. #include <ifaddrs.h>

30. #include <net/ethernet.h>

31. #include <sys/socket.h>

32. #include <netdb.h>

35. /*

36. * 启动/停用 网卡状态 (类似 ifconfig ethx up或ifconfig ethx down)

37. * @eth_name: 网卡名, 如:eth0, wlan0..

38. * @state: "up": 启动网卡, "down": 停用网卡

39. * @ret: 0: 成功, -1: 失败

40. */

41. int rtnetlink_eth_state(char *eth_name, char *state)

42. {

43. int ret;

44. struct rtnl_link *link, *link_conf;

45. struct nl_sock *sk = nl_socket_alloc();

46. nl_connect(sk, NETLINK_ROUTE);

48. ret = rtnl_link_get_kernel(sk, 0, eth_name, &link);

50. if (ret < 0) {

51. printf("Err: %s not found!!!\n", eth_name);

52. ret = -1;

53. goto ERROR1;

54. }

56. link_conf = rtnl_link_alloc();

58. if (strcmp("up", state) == 0) {

59. rtnl_link_set_flags(link_conf, IFF_UP);

60. } else if (strcmp("down", state) == 0) {

61. rtnl_link_unset_flags(link_conf, IFF_UP);

62. } else {

63. ret = -1;

64. printf("Err: %s para error!!!\n", state);

65. goto ERROR2;

66. }

68. ret = rtnl_link_change(sk, link, link_conf, 0);

70. if (ret < 0) {

71. printf("Err: rtnetlink_eth_state: %d\n", ret);

72. }

74. ERROR2:

75. rtnl_link_put(link);

76. rtnl_link_put(link_conf);

78. ERROR1:

79. nl_close(sk);

80. nl_socket_free(sk);

81. return ret;

82. }

84. /*

85. * 修改网卡的MAC地址

86. * @eth_name: 网卡名, 如:eth0, wlan0..

87. * @mac: 6字节mac地址, 如unsigned char mac[6] = {0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xAB};

88. * 类似于 ifconfig ethx hw ether 12:34:56:78:90:AB

89. * @ret: 0: 成功, -1: 失败

90. */

91. int rtnetlink_eth_set_mac(char *eth_name, unsigned char *mac)

92. {

93. int ret;

94. struct rtnl_link *link, *link_conf;

95. struct nl_addr *hw_addr;

96. struct nl_sock *sk = nl_socket_alloc();

97. nl_connect(sk, NETLINK_ROUTE);

99. ret = rtnl_link_get_kernel(sk, 0, eth_name, &link);

101. if (ret < 0) {

102. printf("Err: %s not found!!!\n", eth_name);

103. ret = -1;

104. goto ERROR1;

105. }

107. unsigned int if_flag = rtnl_link_get_flags(link);

109. /*

110. * 只有在网卡不启用的时候才能设置MAC地址,所以如果网卡已经启用,

111. * 首先停用网卡,然后设置MAC地址,设置完成后，再次启动网卡

112. */

113. if (if_flag & IFF_UP) {

114. rtnetlink_eth_state(eth_name, "down");

115. }

117. link_conf = rtnl_link_alloc();

119. /*

120. * AF_LLC: 地址簇是MAC地址

121. */

122. hw_addr = nl_addr_build(AF_LLC, mac, 6);

123. rtnl_link_set_addr(link_conf, hw_addr);

125. ret = rtnl_link_change(sk, link, link_conf, 0);

127. if (ret < 0) {

128. printf("Err: rtnetlink_eth_change_mac: %d\n", ret);

129. }

131. if (if_flag & IFF_UP) {

132. rtnetlink_eth_state(eth_name, "up");

133. }

135. nl_addr_put(hw_addr);

136. rtnl_link_put(link);

137. rtnl_link_put(link_conf);

139. ERROR1:

140. nl_close(sk);

141. nl_socket_free(sk);

142. return ret;

143. }

145. /*

146. * 获取网卡的MAC地址

147. * @eth_name: 网卡名, 如:eth0, wlan0..

148. * @mac: 返回6字节mac地址, 如unsigned char mac[6] = {0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x90, 0xAB};

149. * @ret: 0: 成功, -1: 失败

150. */

151. int rtnetlink_eth_get_mac(char *eth_name, unsigned char *mac)

152. {

153. int ret;

154. struct rtnl_link *link;

155. struct nl_addr *hw_addr;

156. struct nl_sock *sk = nl_socket_alloc();

157. nl_connect(sk, NETLINK_ROUTE);

159. ret = rtnl_link_get_kernel(sk, 0, eth_name, &link);

161. if (ret < 0) {

162. printf("Err: %s not found!!!", eth_name);

163. ret = -1;

164. goto ERROR1;

165. }

167. hw_addr = rtnl_link_get_addr(link);

169. if (nl_addr_get_len(hw_addr) != 6 || nl_addr_get_family(hw_addr) != AF_LLC) {

170. ret = -1;

171. printf("Err: hw_addr len or family error!!!\n");

172. goto ERROR2;

173. }

175. unsigned char *pmac = (unsigned char *)nl_addr_get_binary_addr(hw_addr);

176. memcpy(mac, pmac, 6);

178. ERROR2:

179. rtnl_link_put(link);

181. ERROR1:

182. nl_close(sk);

183. nl_socket_free(sk);

184. return ret;

185. }

188. static int ipv4_netmask2prefixlen(unsigned char *netmask)

189. {

190. int count = 0;

191. for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

192. for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {

193. if ((netmask[i] & (0x01<<j)) != 0) {

194. count++;

195. }

196. }

197. }

198. return count;

199. }

202. static void ipv4_prefixlen2netmask(int prefixlen, unsigned char *netmask)

203. {

204. int i;

206. memset(netmask, 0x00, 4);

208. int byte = prefixlen / 8;

209. int bit = prefixlen % 8;

211. for (i = 0; i < byte; i++) {

212. netmask[i] = 0xff;

213. }

215. netmask[byte] = 0;

217. for (i = 0; i < bit; i++) {

218. netmask[byte] |= (0x01<<(7 - i));

219. }

220. }

223. struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t {

224. struct nl_sock *sk;

225. int flag; /* 是否找到ip */

226. int index; /* 网卡索引 */

227. unsigned char *ip;

228. unsigned char *netmask;

229. };

232. static void get_ipv4_addr_cache_cb(struct nl_object *obj, void *arg)

233. {

234. struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t *ctx = (struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t *)arg;

235. struct rtnl_addr *rtnl_addr = (struct rtnl_addr *)obj;

237. if (rtnl_addr_get_ifindex(rtnl_addr) == ctx->index) {

238. struct nl_addr *nl_addr = rtnl_addr_get_local(rtnl_addr);

240. if (nl_addr_get_family(nl_addr) == AF_INET && nl_addr_get_len(nl_addr) == 4) {

241. ctx->flag = 0x01;

242. int netmask_prefixlen = rtnl_addr_get_prefixlen(rtnl_addr);

243. char *ip = (char *)nl_addr_get_binary_addr(nl_addr);

244. memcpy(ctx->ip, ip, 4);

245. if (netmask_prefixlen <= 32) {

246. ipv4_prefixlen2netmask(netmask_prefixlen, ctx->netmask);

247. }

248. }

249. }

250. }

253. /*

254. * 获取网卡ip地址

255. * @eth_name: 网卡名, 如:eth0, wlan0..

256. * @ip: 返回4字节ip地址, 如char ip[4] = {10, 10, 10, 3};即: 10.10.10.3

257. * @netmask: 返回4字节netmask地址, 如char netmask[4] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0};即: 255.255.255.0

258. * @ret: 0: 成功, -1: 不能获取ip地址

259. */

260. int rtnetlink_eth_get_ipv4_addr(char *eth_name, unsigned char *ip, unsigned char *netmask)

261. {

262. int ret = 0;

263. struct nl_cache *addr_cache;

264. struct rtnl_link *link;

265. struct nl_sock *sk = nl_socket_alloc();

266. nl_connect(sk, NETLINK_ROUTE);

268. ret = rtnl_link_get_kernel(sk, 0, eth_name, &link);

270. if (ret < 0) {

271. printf("Err: %s not found!!!\n", eth_name);

272. ret = -1;

273. goto ERROR1;

274. }

276. struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t ctx;

277. memset(&ctx, 0x00, sizeof(struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t));

279. ctx.index = rtnl_link_get_ifindex(link);

280. ctx.ip = ip;

281. ctx.netmask = netmask;

283. rtnl_addr_alloc_cache(sk, &addr_cache);

284. nl_cache_foreach(addr_cache, get_ipv4_addr_cache_cb, &ctx);

286. if (ctx.flag == 0) {

287. ret = -1;

288. printf("Err: %s not find ip!!!\n", eth_name);

289. }

291. nl_cache_put(addr_cache);

292. rtnl_link_put(link);

294. ERROR1:

295. nl_close(sk);

296. nl_socket_free(sk);

297. return ret;

298. }

300. static void del_ipv4_addr_cache_cb(struct nl_object *obj, void *arg)

301. {

302. struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t *ctx = (struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t *)arg;

303. struct rtnl_addr *rtnl_addr = (struct rtnl_addr *)obj;

305. if (rtnl_addr_get_ifindex(rtnl_addr) == ctx->index) {

306. struct nl_addr *nl_addr = rtnl_addr_get_local(rtnl_addr);

308. if (nl_addr_get_family(nl_addr) == AF_INET && nl_addr_get_len(nl_addr) == 4) {

309. int ret = rtnl_addr_delete(ctx->sk, rtnl_addr, 0);

310. if (ret < 0) {

311. printf("Err: rtnl_addr_delete:%d!!!\n", ret);

312. }

313. }

314. }

315. }

318. /*

319. * 删除网卡ip地址

320. * @eth_name: 网卡名, 如:eth0, wlan0..

321. * @ip: 返回4字节ip地址, 如char ip[4] = {10, 10, 10, 3};即: 10.10.10.3

322. * @netmask: 返回4字节netmask地址, 如char netmask[4] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0};即: 255.255.255.0

323. * @ret: 0: 成功, -1: 不能获取ip地址

324. */

325. int rtnetlink_eth_del_ipv4_addr(char *eth_name)

326. {

327. int ret = 0;

328. struct nl_cache *addr_cache;

329. struct rtnl_link *link;

330. struct nl_sock *sk = nl_socket_alloc();

331. nl_connect(sk, NETLINK_ROUTE);

333. ret = rtnl_link_get_kernel(sk, 0, eth_name, &link);

335. if (ret < 0) {

336. printf("Err: %s not found!!!\n", eth_name);

337. ret = -1;

338. goto ERROR1;

339. }

341. struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t ctx;

342. memset(&ctx, 0x00, sizeof(struct get_ipv4_addr_ctx_t));

344. ctx.index = rtnl_link_get_ifindex(link);

345. ctx.sk = sk;

347. rtnl_addr_alloc_cache(sk, &addr_cache);

348. nl_cache_foreach(addr_cache, del_ipv4_addr_cache_cb, &ctx);

350. nl_cache_put(addr_cache);

351. rtnl_link_put(link);

353. ERROR1:

354. nl_close(sk);

355. nl_socket_free(sk);

356. return ret;

357. }

360. /*

361. * 设置网卡ip地址

362. * @eth_name: 网卡名, 如:eth0, wlan0..

363. * @ip: 返回4字节ip地址, 如char ip[4] = {10, 10, 10, 3};即: 10.10.10.3

364. * @netmask: 返回4字节netmask地址, 如char netmask[4] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0};即: 255.255.255.0

365. * @ret: 0: 成功, -1: 不能获取ip地址

366. * 注意: 一般情况下网卡可以设置多个IP地址，这个函数只设置1个IP地址,设置过程是首先删除原来的IP地址,然后在添加新的IP地址

367. */

368. int rtnetlink_eth_set_ipv4_addr(char *eth_name, unsigned char *ip, unsigned char *netmask)

369. {

370. int ret = 0;

371. struct rtnl_link *link;

372. struct nl_sock *sk = nl_socket_alloc();

373. nl_connect(sk, NETLINK_ROUTE);

375. ret = rtnl_link_get_kernel(sk, 0, eth_name, &link);

377. if (ret < 0) {

378. printf("Err: %s not found!!!\n", eth_name);

379. ret = -1;

380. goto ERROR1;

381. }

383. struct rtnl_addr *new_rtnl_addr = rtnl_addr_alloc();

385. int if_index = rtnl_link_get_ifindex(link);

386. /*

387. * 在rtnl_addr中,netmask用ip地址有效长度表示,

388. * 如: 255.225.0.0有效长度为16

389. */

390. int netmask_prefixlen = ipv4_netmask2prefixlen(netmask);

392. rtnl_addr_set_ifindex(new_rtnl_addr, if_index);

393. rtnl_addr_set_family(new_rtnl_addr, AF_INET);

395. struct nl_addr *ip_addr = nl_addr_build(AF_INET, ip, 4);

396. rtnl_addr_set_local(new_rtnl_addr, ip_addr);

397. nl_addr_put(ip_addr);

399. rtnl_addr_set_prefixlen(new_rtnl_addr, netmask_prefixlen);

401. unsigned char broadcast[4];

403. for (int i = 0; i< 4; i++) {

404. broadcast[i] = (netmask[i] & ip[i]);

405. broadcast[i] |= ~netmask[i];

406. }

408. struct nl_addr *broadcast_addr = nl_addr_build(AF_INET, broadcast, 4);

409. rtnl_addr_set_broadcast(new_rtnl_addr, broadcast_addr);

410. nl_addr_put(broadcast_addr);

412. /*

413. * 添加地址之前首先删除原来的地址

414. */

415. rtnetlink_eth_del_ipv4_addr(eth_name);

417. ret = rtnl_addr_add(sk, new_rtnl_addr, 0);

419. if (ret < 0) {

420. printf("Err: rtnl_addr_add: %d\n", ret);

421. }

423. rtnl_addr_put(new_rtnl_addr);

424. rtnl_link_put(link);

426. ERROR1:

427. nl_close(sk);

428. nl_socket_free(sk);

429. return ret;

430. }

434. void test_rtnetlink_manage(void)

435. {

437. unsigned char ip[4] = {192, 168, 60, 85};

438. unsigned char netmask[] = {255, 255, 255, 0};

439. //rtnetlink_eth_del_ipv4_addr("wlan0");

440. rtnetlink_eth_set_ipv4_addr("eth0", ip, netmask);

443. return;

444. //getifaddrs()

445. }

Linux通过c语言函数管理网络(1)-----获取/修改IP和MAC地址_根据网卡名获取mac地址 c语言-CSDN博客