代码大全学习-27-重构(Refactoring)

重构是改变软件的内在结构从而让其更好理解更容易修改。在软件开发过程中随处可见它的身影。很多地方都可以用重构来改善，比如重复的代码，太长的函数，嵌套很深的循环等，下面是一个比较完整的list，需要重构的原因：

Checklist: Reasons to Refactor

• Code is duplicated
• A routine is too long
• A loop is too long or too deeply nested
• A class has poor cohesion
• A class interface does not provide a consistent level of abstraction
• A parameter list has too many parameters
• Changes within a class tend to be compartmentalized
• Changes require parallel modifications to multiple classes
• Inheritance hierarchies have to be modified in parallel
• Related data items that are used together are not organized into classes
• A routine uses more features of another class than of its own class
• A primitive data type is overloaded
• A class doesn't do very much
• A chain of routines passes tramp data
• A middle man object isn't doing anything
• One class is overly intimate with another
• A routine has a poor name
• Data members are public
• A subclass uses only a small percentage of its parents' routines
• Com