同样的,今天就介绍三种模式;
先从第一种模式开始讲起,原型模式;
用原型实例指定创建对象的种类,并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象,
原型模式要解决的问题是不用重新初始化对象,而是动态的获取对象运行时的状态,你只需要对对象做部分属性或行为的修改;
原型模式实现的关键是实现Clone函数,对于c++来说,其实就是拷贝构造函数,需要实现深拷贝;
看代码:
//父类
class Resume
{
protected:
char *name;
public:
Resume() {}
virtual ~Resume() {}
virtual Resume* Clone() { return NULL; }
virtual void Set(char *n) {}
virtual void Show() {}
};
//子类A
class ResumeA : public Resume
{
public:
ResumeA(const char *str); //构造函数
ResumeA(const ResumeA &r); //拷贝构造函数
~ResumeA(); //析构函数
ResumeA* Clone(); //克隆,关键所在
void Show(); //显示内容
};
ResumeA::ResumeA(const char *str)
{
if(str == NULL) {
name = new char[1];
name[0] = '\0';
}
else {
name = new char[strlen(str)+1];
strcpy(name, str);
}
}
ResumeA::~ResumeA() { delete [] name;}
ResumeA::ResumeA(const ResumeA &r) {
name = new char[strlen(r.name)+1];
strcpy(name, r.name);
}
ResumeA* ResumeA::Clone() {
return new ResumeA(*this);
}
void ResumeA::Show() {
cout<<"ResumeA name : "<<name<<endl;
}
//子类B
class ResumeB : public Resume
{
public:
ResumeB(const char *str); //构造函数
ResumeB(const ResumeB &r); //拷贝构造函数
~ResumeB(); //析构函数
ResumeB* Clone(); //克隆,关键所在
void Show(); //显示内容
};
ResumeB::ResumeB(const char *str)
{
if(str == NULL) {
name = new char[1];
name[0] = '\0';
}
else {
name = new char[strlen(str)+1];
strcpy(name, str);
}
}
ResumeB::~ResumeB() { delete [] name;}
ResumeB::ResumeB(const ResumeB &r) {
name = new char[strlen(r.name)+1];
strcpy(name, r.name);
}
ResumeB* ResumeB::Clone() {
return new ResumeB(*this);
}
void ResumeB::Show() {
cout<<"ResumeB name : "<<name<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Resume *r1 = new ResumeA("A");
Resume *r2 = new ResumeB("B");
Resume *r3 = r1->Clone();
Resume *r4 = r2->Clone();
r1->Show(); r2->Show();
//删除r1,r2
delete r1; delete r2;
r1 = r2 = NULL;
//深拷贝所以对r3,r4无影响
r3->Show(); r4->Show();
delete r3; delete r4;
r3 = r4 = NULL;
}
----------------------------------华丽的分割线----------------------------------
下面介绍第2种模式:
建造者模式的定义将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示;
对于客户来说,只需知道导向者就可以了,通过导向者,客户就能构造复杂的对象,而不需要知道具体的构造过程。下面给出小人例子的代码实现。
看代码:
class Builder
{
public:
virtual void BuildHead() {}
virtual void BuildBody() {}
virtual void BuildLeftArm(){}
virtual void BuildRightArm() {}
virtual void BuildLeftLeg() {}
virtual void BuildRightLeg() {}
};
//构造瘦人
class ThinBuilder : public Builder
{
public:
void BuildHead() { cout<<"build thin body"<<endl; }
void BuildBody() { cout<<"build thin head"<<endl; }
void BuildLeftArm() { cout<<"build thin leftarm"<<endl; }
void BuildRightArm() { cout<<"build thin rightarm"<<endl; }
void BuildLeftLeg() { cout<<"build thin leftleg"<<endl; }
void BuildRightLeg() { cout<<"build thin rightleg"<<endl; }
};
//构造胖人
class FatBuilder : public Builder
{
public:
void BuildHead() { cout<<"build fat body"<<endl; }
void BuildBody() { cout<<"build fat head"<<endl; }
void BuildLeftArm() { cout<<"build fat leftarm"<<endl; }
void BuildRightArm() { cout<<"build fat rightarm"<<endl; }
void BuildLeftLeg() { cout<<"build fat leftleg"<<endl; }
void BuildRightLeg() { cout<<"build fat rightleg"<<endl; }
};
//构造的指挥官
class Director
{
private:
Builder *m_pBuilder;
public:
Director(Builder *builder) { m_pBuilder = builder; }
void Create(){
m_pBuilder->BuildHead();
m_pBuilder->BuildBody();
m_pBuilder->BuildLeftArm();
m_pBuilder->BuildRightArm();
m_pBuilder->BuildLeftLeg();
m_pBuilder->BuildRightLeg();
}
};
int main()
{
FatBuilder thin;
Director director(&thin);
director.Create();
return 0;
}
-------------------------------------华丽的分割线-----------------------------
下面就介绍第三种设计模式:桥接模式
定义:将抽象部分与它的实现部分分离,让他们可以独立的变化;
就以操作系统为例,有多种配置的计算机,同样也有不同的操作系统;
UML图为:
看代码:
//操作系统
class OS
{
public:
virtual void InstallOS_Imp() {}
};
class WindowOS: public OS
{
public:
void InstallOS_Imp() { cout<<"安装Window操作系统"<<endl; }
};
class LinuxOS: public OS
{
public:
void InstallOS_Imp() { cout<<"安装Linux操作系统"<<endl; }
};
class UnixOS: public OS
{
public:
void InstallOS_Imp() { cout<<"安装Unix操作系统"<<endl; }
};
//计算机
class Computer
{
public:
virtual void InstallOS(OS *os) {}
};
class DellComputer: public Computer
{
public:
void InstallOS(OS *os) { os->InstallOS_Imp(); }
};
class AppleComputer: public Computer
{
public:
void InstallOS(OS *os) { os->InstallOS_Imp(); }
};
class HPComputer: public Computer
{
public:
void InstallOS(OS *os) { os->InstallOS_Imp(); }
};
int main()
{
OS *os1 = new WindowOS();
OS *os2 = new LinuxOS();
Computer *computer1 = new AppleComputer();
computer1->InstallOS(os1);
computer1->InstallOS(os2);
}