STM32之NVIC理解

STM32有43个channel的settable的中断源；AIRC(Application Interrupt and Reset Register)寄存器中有用于指定优先级的4 bits。这4个bits用于分配preemption优先级和sub优先级，在STM32的固件库中定义如下
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_0 ((u32)0x700)
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_1 ((u32)0x600)
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 ((u32)0x500)
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_3 ((u32)0x400)
#define NVIC_PriorityGroup_4 ((u32)0x300)

每个工程只能有一种分组方式：

按NVIC_PriorityGroup_0来分组：抢占优先级为1个，子优先级为16个；

按NVIC_PriorityGroup_1来分组：抢占优先级为2个，子优先级为8个；

按NVIC_PriorityGroup_2来分组：抢占优先级为4个，子优先级为4个；

按NVIC_PriorityGroup_3来分组：抢占优先级为8个，子优先级为2个；

按NVIC_PriorityGroup_0来分组：抢占优先级为16个，子优先级为1个；

抢占优先级高的中断可以打断抢占优先级低的中断；抢占优先级相同时比较响应优先级（子优先级）。

先设定分组方式

例：NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_4);    //按NVIC_PriorityGroup_4来分组

此时，有一中断EXTI0_IRQChannel，你指定他为抢占优先级8，则
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQChannel;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 8; // 指定抢占式优先级别，可取0-15

又有1中断SPI1_IRQChannel，设定如下
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = SPI1_IRQChannel;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; // 指定抢占式优先级别，可取0-15

则SPI1_IRQChannel的抢占优先级高，EXTI0_IRQChannel做事的时候可以打断（嵌套）

又：若分组方式为：NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_3);    //按NVIC_PriorityGroup_3来分组

此时就有8个抢占优先级，2个子优先级；

EXTI0_IRQChannel中断，你指定他为抢占优先级3，则：
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQChannel;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 2; // 指定抢占式优先级别，可取0-7
还需要指定他的阶层：
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; // 指定响应优先级别，可取0-1

又有TIM2_IRQn中断，设定如下：

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn; 
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 2;// 指定抢占式优先级别，可取0-7

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3; // 指定响应优先级别，可取0-1

由于抢占优先级相同，响应优先级EXTI0_IRQChannel中断高于TIM2_IRQn中断，所以EXTI0_IRQChannel可以打断TIM2_IRQn；

还有一USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn，设定如下：

NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn;   //CAN1 RX0中断
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;  //抢占优先级0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;   //响应优先级别0，可取0-1

USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn优先级最高，前两中断发生时，它都可以打断。

附：

void NVIC_Config(void)

{       

NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;

NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_3);//一个工程中只能使用一种分组方式
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQn; //CAN1 RX0中断
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0; //抢占优先级0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; //子优先级为0
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM2_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 2;// 指定抢占式优先级别，可取0-7
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3; // 指定响应优先级别，可取0-1
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = EXTI0_IRQChannel;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 2; // 指定抢占式优先级别，可取0-7
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0; // 指定响应优先级别，可取0-1
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

}