好的，下面是Python实现Q-learning迷宫的代码：
```python
import numpy as np
import random
# 定义迷宫结构
maze = np.array([
[0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, -1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1, 0],
[0, -1, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0],
[0, -1, -1, 0, 0, -1, 0, -1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, -1, -1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0],
[0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
])
# 定义状态数量
states = maze.shape[0] * maze.shape[1]
# 定义动作数量
actions = 4
# 定义学习率
alpha = 0.1
# 定义折扣因子
gamma = 0.9
# 定义探索率
epsilon = 0.1
# 定义Q值表
q_table = np.zeros((states, actions))
# 定义状态转换函数
def state_transition(state, action):
row = state // maze.shape[1]
col = state % maze.shape[1]
if action == 0: # 上
if row == 0 or maze[row-1, col] == -1:
return state
else:
return state - maze.shape[1]
elif action == 1: # 下
if row == maze.shape[0]-1 or maze[row+1, col] == -1:
return state
else:
return state + maze.shape[1]
elif action == 2: # 左
if col == 0 or maze[row, col-1] == -1:
return state
else:
return state - 1
elif action == 3: # 右
if col == maze.shape[1]-1 or maze[row, col+1] == -1:
return state
else:
return state + 1
# 定义选择动作函数
def choose_action(state):
if random.uniform(0, 1) < epsilon:
return random.randint(0, actions-1)
else:
return np.argmax(q_table[state])
# 定义Q-learning算法函数
def q_learning():
for i in range(10000):
state = random.randint(0, states-1)
while state // maze.shape[1] != 0 or state % maze.shape[1] == 0 or state % maze.shape[1] == maze.shape[1]-1:
state = random.randint(0, states-1)
for j in range(100):
action = choose_action(state)
next_state = state_transition(state, action)
reward = -1 if next_state // maze.shape[1] == maze.shape[0]-1 and next_state % maze.shape[1] != 0 and next_state % maze.shape[1] != maze.shape[1]-1 else 0
q_table[state, action] = q_table[state, action] + alpha * (reward + gamma * np.max(q_table[next_state]) - q_table[state, action])
state = next_state
# 执行Q-learning算法
q_learning()
# 输出Q值表和策略
print(q_table)
policy = np.zeros((maze.shape[0], maze.shape[1]))
for i in range(maze.shape[0]):
for j in range(maze.shape[1]):
if maze[i, j] != -1:
policy[i, j] = np.argmax(q_table[i*maze.shape[1]+j])
print(policy)
```
在这个代码中，我们首先定义了一个迷宫的结构，然后定义了状态数量、动作数量、学习率、折扣因子和探索率等参数。接着定义了状态转换函数、选择动作函数和Q-learning算法函数。在Q-learning算法函数中，我们使用了10000次迭代和100步每次迭代的方式进行训练，对于每个状态和动作组合，我们都更新了对应的Q值。最后输出了Q值表和策略。
超级会员免费看
本文介绍了如何运用强化学习中的Q-learning算法解决迷宫问题。通过Python编程，定义迷宫环境，初始化Q-table，实现Q-learning算法，并用可视化展示智能体的学习过程和最优策略。
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