Spring Boot Interview Questions SpringBoot面试题

原文链接 Spring Boot Interview Questions

1. Overview 概述

Since its introduction, Spring Boot has been a key player in the Spring ecosystem. This project makes our life much easier with its auto-configuration ability.

自从SpringBoot发布以来，它就一直是Spring生态中的关键一员。它的自动装配机制让我们的开发更容易了。

In this tutorial, we'll cover some of the most common questions related to Spring Boot that may come up during a job interview.

在这个素材中，我们将会介绍一些可能在面试中出现的有关SpringBoot的面试题。

2. Questions 提问

问题一：什么是SpringBoot？它的主要特点有哪些？ Q1. What Is Spring Boot and What Are Its Main Features?

Spring Boot is essentially a framework for rapid application development built on top of the Spring Framework.

SpringBoot是一个建立在Spring框架之上的能快速应用开发的必要框架。

With its auto-configuration and embedded application server support, combined with the extensive documentation and community support it enjoys, Spring Boot is one of the most popular technologies in the Java ecosystem as of date.

拥有自动装配机制、内嵌Web应用服务、大量的文档和开发社区的支持，SpringBoot是目前在Java生态中最受欢迎的技术之一。

Here are a few salient features: 下面是一些最突出的特点：

• Starters – a set of dependency descriptors to include relevant dependencies at a go

        Starters 一系列的依赖描述指向相关的jar包等依赖

• Auto-configuration – a way to automatically configure an application based on the dependencies present on the classpath

        Auto-configuration 一种根据classpath中出现的依赖，来自动配置应用的机制

• Actuator – to get production-ready features such as monitoring

        Actuator 生产环境下的相关功能，如：运行监测机器

• Security

        Security 安全控制，https、服务调用等等

• Logging

        Logging 日志记录分析

问题二：Spring和SpringBoot有什么不同？ Q2. What Are the Differences Between Spring and Spring Boot?

The Spring Framework provides multiple features that make the development of web applications easier. These features include dependency injection, data binding, aspect-oriented programming, data access and many more.

Spring框架提供众多的功能可以使Web应用开发更简便。

Over the years, Spring has been growing more and more complex, and the amount of configuration such application requires can be intimidating.

但一些年过去了，Spring框架变得越来越复杂臃肿，配置一个应用需要的依赖可能变得让人恐惧。

This is where Spring Boot comes in handy — it makes configuring a Spring application a breeze.

于是SpringBoot腾空出世，它能轻而易举的配置Spring应用。

Essentially, while Spring is unopinionated, Spring Boot takes an opinionated view of the platform and libraries, letting us get started quickly.

但是从根本上来说，Spring框架是没有指向性的，而SpringBoot则是使用了关于platform和依赖库固有的模式，让我们实现快速开发。

Here are two of the most important benefits Spring Boot brings in:

以下是使用SpringBoot最便捷的地方：

• Auto-configure applications based on the artifacts it finds on the classpath

        基于类路径下的项自动装配、引用依赖

• Provide non-functional features common to applications in production, such as security or health checks

        提供如安全访问和健康检查等，在生产环境下的很通用的功能

问题三：怎么使用Maven开始一个SpringBoot应用？ Q3. How Can We Set Up a Spring Boot Application With Maven?

We can include Spring Boot in a Maven project just like we would any other library. However, the best way is to inherit from the spring-boot-starter-parent project and declare dependencies to Spring Boot starters. Doing this lets our project reuse the default settings of Spring Boot.

在Maven工程中，我们可以像使用任意的其它依赖库一样引入SpringBoot开发框架。不过呢，最好的方式是继承处 spring-boot-starter-parent 工程并添加声明依赖项所需的Starters。这样做的好处是可以使用SpringBoot的默认配置，无需任何改动即可开始Coding。

Inheriting the spring-boot-starter-parent project is straightforward — we only need to specify a parent element in pom.xml:

继承 spring-boot-starter-parent 是最简洁的方式，只需要在 pom.xml 声明 parent 节点即可。

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.0.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

We can find the latest version of spring-boot-starter-parent on Maven Central.

在 Maven Central 这里可以找到最新版本的 spring-boot-starter-parent。

Using the starter parent project is convenient but not always feasible. For instance, if our company requires all projects to inherit from a standard POM, we can still benefit from Spring Boot's dependency management using a custom parent.

使用以上继承方式是简便的，但并不总是可行的。例如，如果公司要求所有的项目必须继承一个标准的POM配置的话，继承 spring-boot-starter-parent 就不太可行了。不过，我们依旧可以使用自定义 parent 来使用 SpringBoot 以及它的便捷性。

问题四：什么是Spring Initializr? Q4. What Is Spring Initializr?

Spring Initializr is a convenient way to create a Spring Boot project.

Spring Initializr 是一种创建 SpringBoot 的快捷方式。

We can go to the Spring Initiali