例题：WERTYU

Problem Description

A common typing error is to place the hands on the keyboard one rowto the right of the correct position. So “Q” is typed as “W” and”J” is typed as “K” and so on. You are to decode a message typed inthis manner.
InputInput consists of several lines of text.Each line may contain digits, spaces, upper case letters (except Q,A, Z), or punctuation shown above [except back-quote (`)]. Keyslabelled with words [Tab, BackSp, Control, etc.] are notrepresented in the input.
OutputYou are to replace each letter orpunctuation symbol by the one immediately to its left on the QWERTYkeyboard shown above. Spaces in the input should be echoed in theoutput.

Sample InputO S, GOMRYPFSU/
Sample OutputI AM FINETODAY.

分析：每输入一个字符，立刻进行处理，getchar是理想的输入方法。那如何进行输入输出的变换呢？一种方法是使用if语句或者switch语句，如“if(c==w)putchar(‘Q’)”，另一种方法是使用常量数组。

 #include<stdio.h>

 char s[] = "`1234567890-=QWERTYUIOP[]\ASDFGHJKL;'ZXCVBNM,."; //定义常量数组时无需指明大小

int main()
{
int c,i;
while((c=getchar())!=EOF)
{
    for(i=0;s[i]&&s[i]!=c;i++);
    if(s[i])putchar(s[i-1]);
    else
    putchar(c);

}
return 0;
}