linux dmesg命令

dmesg命令-->用来显示开机信息, kernel会将开机信息存储在ring buffer中。开机时来不及查看信息，可利用dmesg来查看。开机信息亦保存在/var/log/dmesg

在‘dmesg’命令的帮助下进行硬件的连接或断开连接操作时，我们可以看到硬件的检测或者断开连接的信息。

描述：

       dmesg is used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer.

       The default action is to display all messages from the kernel ring buffer.

参数：

       The --clear, --read-clear, --console-on, --console-off, and --console-level options are mutually exclusive.

       -C, --clear
              Clear the ring buffer.

       -c, --read-clear
              Clear the ring buffer after first printing its contents.

       -D, --console-off
              Disable the printing of messages to the console.

       -d, --show-delta
              Display the timestamp and the time delta spent between messages.  If used together with --notime then only the time delta without the timestamp is printed.

       -E, --console-on
              Enable printing messages to the console.

       -e, --reltime
              Display the local time and the delta in human-readable format. Be aware that conversion to the local time could be inaccurate (see -T) for more details.

       -F, --file file
              Read the messages from the given file.

       -f, --facility list
              Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) list of facilities.  For example:

                     dmesg --facility=daemon

              will print messages from system daemons only.  For all supported facilities see the --help output.

       -H, --human
              Enable human-readable output.  See also --color, --reltime and --nopager.

       -k, --kernel
              Print kernel messages.

       -L, --color[=when]
              Colorize  the  output.   The  optional  argument  when can be auto, never or always.  If the when argument is omitted, it defaults to auto.  The colors can be disabled, for the current
              built-in default see --help output. See also the COLORS section.

       -l, --level list
              Restrict output to the given (comma-separated) list of levels.  For example:

                     dmesg --level=err,warn

              will print error and warning messages only.  For all supported levels see the --help output.

       -n, --console-level level
              Set the level at which printing of messages is done to the console.  The level is a level number or abbreviation of the level name.  For all supported levels see the --help output.

              For example, -n 1 or -n alert prevents all messages, except emergency (panic) messages, from appearing on the console.  All levels of messages are still written to /proc/kmsg, so  sys‐
              logd(8) can still be used to control exactly where kernel messages appear.  When the -n option is used, dmesg will not print or clear the kernel ring buffer.

       -P, --nopager
              Do not pipe output into a pager.  A pager is enabled by default for --human output.

       -r, --raw
              Print the raw message buffer, i.e. do not strip the log-level prefixes.

              Note  that  the  real  raw  format  depends on the method how dmesg(1) reads kernel messages.  The /dev/kmsg device uses a different format than syslog(2).  For backward compatibility,
              dmesg(1) returns data always in the syslog(2) format.  It is possible to read the real raw data from /dev/kmsg by, for example, the command 'dd if=/dev/kmsg iflag=nonblock'.

       -S, --syslog
              Force dmesg to use the syslog(2) kernel interface to read kernel messages.  The default is to use /dev/kmsg rather than syslog(2) since kernel 3.5.0.

       -s, --buffer-size size
              Use a buffer of size to query the kernel ring buffer.  This is 16392 by default.  (The default kernel syslog buffer size was 4096 at first, 8192 since 1.3.54, 16384 since 2.1.113.)  If
              you have set the kernel buffer to be larger than the default, then this option can be used to view the entire buffer.

       -T, --ctime
              Print human-readable timestamps.

              Be aware that the timestamp could be inaccurate!  The time source used for the logs is not updated after system SUSPEND/RESUME.

       -t, --notime
              Do not print kernel's timestamps.

       --time-format format
              Print timestamps using the given format, which can be ctime, reltime, delta or iso.  The first three formats are aliases of the time-format-specific options.  The iso format is a dmesg
              implementation of the ISO-8601 timestamp format.  The purpose of this format is to make the comparing of timestamps between two systems, and any other parsing, easy.  The definition of
              the iso timestamp is: YYYY-MM-DD<T>HH:MM:SS,<microseconds><-+><timezone offset from UTC>.

              The iso format has the same issue as ctime: the time may be inaccurate when a system is suspended and resumed.

       -u, --userspace
              Print userspace messages.

       -w, --follow
              Wait for new messages.  This feature is supported only on systems with a readable /dev/kmsg (since kernel 3.5.0).

       -x, --decode
              Decode facility and level (priority) numbers to human-readable prefixes.

       -V, --version
              Display version information and exit.

       -h, --help
              Display help text and exit.