Liunx下用C++实现MQTT的接收与发送

paho.mqtt.c github地址：https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.c

openssl github地址: https://github.com/openssl/openssl

继续上次《Liunx下用C语言实现MQTT的接收与发送（上）（下）》，本人探寻了如何基于paho.mqtt.c库开发C++版本的MQTT。事实上，paho官网有paho.mqtt.c++库，不过笔者进去后玩不怎么转，可能是笔者不太灵光。

环境准备
笔者忽然想到，在《Liunx下用C语言实现MQTT的接收与发送（上）》中，好像安装了些mqtt的动态库，他们是啥情况呢？

本人推断是封装了，在src里面，被我之前排除的库文件。简单测试调用了一下，还真是。

因此，本人又开始封装了。（这里的脑回路太漫长了，几句话也说不清楚，这MQTT任务倒腾了我三天半终于结束了）。

封装mqtt的C++版本库
mqtt.h:

#ifndef MQTT_H
#define MQTT_H

#include <MQTTAsync.h>
#include

using namespace std;

class MQTT {
public:
bool useSSL;
//实例 ID，购买后从控制台获取
string instanceId;
//接入点域名，从控制台获取
string host;
//客户端使用的 GroupID，从控制台申请
string groupId;
//客户端 ClientID 的后缀，由业务自行指定，只需要保证全局唯一即可
string deviceId;
//账号 AccessKey，从账号控制台获取
string accessKey;
//账号 SecretKey，从账号控制台获取
string secretKey;
//使用的协议端口，默认 tcp 协议使用1883，如果需要使用 SSL 加密，端口设置成8883，具体协议和端口参考文档链接https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/44867.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.547.38d81cf7XRnP0C
int port = 1883;
//测试收发消息的 Topic
string topic;

int (*messageArrived)(void *context, char *topicName, int topicLen, MQTTAsync_message *m);
void (*onConnectFailure)(void *context, MQTTAsync_failureData *response);
void (*onSubcribe)(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response);
void (*onConnectServer)(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response);
void (*onConnectClient)(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response);
void (*onDisconnect)(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response);
void (*onPublishFailure)(void *context, MQTTAsync_failureData *response);
void (*onPublish)(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response);
void (*connectionLost)(void *context, char *cause);

MQTT();

void init(void);
int subscript_connect(void);
int subscript_disconnect(void);
int publish_connect(void);
int publish_send(char *msg);
int publish_disconnect(void);

MQTTAsync client;
char clientIdUrl[64];
char passWord[100];
char userName[128];

int connected;

};

#endif
mqtt.cpp:

#include <signal.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#if defined(WIN32)
#define sleep Sleep
#else

#include <unistd.h>
#include <openssl/hmac.h>
#include <openssl/bio.h>

#endif

#include “mqtt.h”

MQTT::MQTT()
{
instanceId = “mqtt-cn-oew1w1cq50a”;
host = “localhost”;// ip地址
groupId = “GID_DEVICE”;
deviceId = “fs1704”;
accessKey = “LTAI4G6gf4KQpMTmMEsaf6oF”;
secretKey = “pwAzZb7DFMjju3TYI5lmcShw2nlZUs”;
topic = “MQTT/test”;
port = 1883;
connected = 0;
useSSL = false;
}

void MQTT::init(void)
{
char tempData[100];
int len = 0;
printf(“mqtt:init:topic:%s:deviceId:%s\n”, topic.c_str(), deviceId.c_str());
//ClientID要求使用 GroupId 和 DeviceId 拼接而成，长度不得超过64个字符
snprintf(clientIdUrl, 64, “%s@@@%s”, groupId.c_str(), deviceId.c_str());
//username和 Password 签名模式下的设置方法，参考文档 https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/48271.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.553.217831c3BSFry7
HMAC(EVP_sha1(), (unsigned char *)secretKey.c_str(), strlen(secretKey.c_str()), (const unsigned char *)clientIdUrl, strlen(clientIdUrl), (unsigned char *)tempData, (unsigned int *)&len);
int passWordLen = EVP_EncodeBlock((unsigned char *) passWord, (const unsigned char *)tempData, len);
passWord[passWordLen] = ‘\0’;
printf(“passWord is %s\n”, passWord);
snprintf(userName, 128, “Signature|%s|%s”, accessKey.c_str(), instanceId.c_str());
}

int MQTT::subscript_connect(void)
{
int cleanSession = 1;
int rc = 0;
//1.create client
MQTTAsync_createOptions create_opts = MQTTAsync_createOptions_initializer;
create_opts.sendWhileDisconnected = 0;
create_opts.maxBufferedMessages = 10;
char url[100];
if (useSSL) {
snprintf(url, 100, “ssl://%s:%d”, host.c_str(), port);
} else {
snprintf(url, 100, “tcp://%s:%d”, host.c_str(), port);
}
rc = MQTTAsync_createWithOptions(&client, url, clientIdUrl, MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL, &create_opts);
rc = MQTTAsync_setCallbacks(client, client, connectionLost, messageArrived, NULL);
//2.connect to server
MQTTAsync_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTAsync_connectOptions_initializer;
conn_opts.MQTTVersion = MQTTVERSION_3_1_1;
conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 60;
conn_opts.cleansession = cleanSession;
conn_opts.username = userName;
conn_opts.password = passWord;
conn_opts.onSuccess = onConnectServer;
conn_opts.onFailure = onConnectFailure;
conn_opts.context = client;
//如果需要使用 SSL 加密
if (useSSL) {
MQTTAsync_SSLOptions ssl =MQTTAsync_SSLOptions_initializer;
conn_opts.ssl = &ssl;
} else {
conn_opts.ssl = NULL;
}
conn_opts.automaticReconnect = 1;
conn_opts.connectTimeout = 3;
if ((rc = MQTTAsync_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTASYNC_SUCCESS) {
printf(“Failed to start connect, return code %d\n”, rc);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

int MQTT::subscript_disconnect(void)
{
int rc = 0;
MQTTAsync_disconnectOptions disc_opts = MQTTAsync_disconnectOptions_initializer;
disc_opts.onSuccess = onDisconnect;
if ((rc = MQTTAsync_disconnect(client, &disc_opts)) != MQTTASYNC_SUCCESS) {
printf(“Failed to start disconnect, return code %d\n”, rc);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
while (connected)
sleep(1);
MQTTAsync_destroy(&client);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

int MQTT::publish_connect(void)
{
int cleanSession = 1;
int rc = 0;
//1.create client
MQTTAsync_createOptions create_opts = MQTTAsync_createOptions_initializer;
create_opts.sendWhileDisconnected = 0;
create_opts.maxBufferedMessages = 10;
char url[100];
if (useSSL) {
snprintf(url, 100, “ssl://%s:%d”, host.c_str(), port);
} else {
snprintf(url, 100, “tcp://%s:%d”, host.c_str(), port);
}
rc = MQTTAsync_createWithOptions(&client, url, clientIdUrl, MQTTCLIENT_PERSISTENCE_NONE, NULL, &create_opts);
rc = MQTTAsync_setCallbacks(client, client, connectionLost, messageArrived, NULL);
//2.connect to server
MQTTAsync_connectOptions conn_opts = MQTTAsync_connectOptions_initializer;
conn_opts.MQTTVersion = MQTTVERSION_3_1_1;
conn_opts.keepAliveInterval = 60;
conn_opts.cleansession = cleanSession;
conn_opts.username = userName;
conn_opts.password = passWord;
conn_opts.onSuccess = onConnectClient;
conn_opts.onFailure = onConnectFailure;
conn_opts.context = client;
//如果需要使用 SSL 加密
if (useSSL) {
MQTTAsync_SSLOptions ssl =MQTTAsync_SSLOptions_initializer;
conn_opts.ssl = &ssl;
} else {
conn_opts.ssl = NULL;
}
conn_opts.automaticReconnect = 1;
conn_opts.connectTimeout = 3;
if ((rc = MQTTAsync_connect(client, &conn_opts)) != MQTTASYNC_SUCCESS) {
printf(“Failed to start connect, return code %d\n”, rc);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

int MQTT::publish_send(char *msg)
{
int rc = 0;

//3.publish msg
MQTTAsync_responseOptions pub_opts = MQTTAsync_responseOptions_initializer;
pub_opts.onSuccess = onPublish;
pub_opts.onFailure = onPublishFailure;
rc = MQTTAsync_send(client, topic.c_str(), strlen(msg), msg, 0, 0, &pub_opts);
if(rc != MQTTASYNC_SUCCESS) {
    printf("mqtt:publish:failed:%s\n", msg);
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
} else {
    printf("mqtt:publish:success:%s\n", msg);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

}

int MQTT::publish_disconnect(void)
{
int rc = 0;
MQTTAsync_disconnectOptions disc_opts = MQTTAsync_disconnectOptions_initializer;
disc_opts.onSuccess = onDisconnect;
if ((rc = MQTTAsync_disconnect(client, &disc_opts)) != MQTTASYNC_SUCCESS) {
printf(“Failed to start disconnect, return code %d\n”, rc);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
while (connected)
sleep(1);
MQTTAsync_destroy(&client);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
可以看到，代码中出现了#include <MQTTAsync.h>，这个库在哪里呢？

其实它就在动态库里/usr/local/lib下面的，具体是哪个我忘了，没记录。

为了方便管理，我也把这两个文件放到mqtt文件夹里。

MQTT数据订阅端
#include
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include “mqtt.h”

MQTT mqttServer;

using namespace std;

int messageArrivedServer(void *context, char *topicName, int topicLen, MQTTAsync_message *m)
{
printf(“recv message from %s ,body is %s\n”, topicName, (char *) m->payload);

// TODO::在此处增加接收内容解析程序


MQTTAsync_freeMessage(&m);
MQTTAsync_free(topicName);
return 1;

}

void onConnectFailureServer(void *context, MQTTAsync_failureData *response)
{
if(mqttServer.connected)
mqttServer.connected = 0;

printf("mqtt:connect failed, rc %d\n", response ? response->code : -1);
MQTTAsync client = (MQTTAsync) context;

}

void onSubcribeServer(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)
{
printf(“subscribe success\n”);
}

void onConnectServer(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)
{
if(!mqttServer.connected)
mqttServer.connected = 1;

//连接成功的回调，只会在第一次 connect 成功后调用，后续自动重连成功时并不会调用，因此应用需要自行保证每次 connect 成功后重新订阅
printf("mqtt:server:connect success\n");
MQTTAsync client = (MQTTAsync) context;
//do sub when connect success
MQTTAsync_responseOptions sub_opts = MQTTAsync_responseOptions_initializer;
sub_opts.onSuccess = mqttServer.onSubcribe;
int rc = 0;
if ((rc = MQTTAsync_subscribe(client, mqttServer.topic.c_str(), 1, &sub_opts)) != MQTTASYNC_SUCCESS) {
    printf("Failed to subscribe, return code %d\n", rc);
}

}

void onDisconnectServer(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)
{
if(mqttServer.connected)
mqttServer.connected = 0;

printf("mqtt:connect disconnect\n");

}

void onPublishFailureServer(void *context, MQTTAsync_failureData *response)
{
printf(“Publish failed, rc %d\n”, response ? -1 : response->code);
}

void connectionLostServer(void *context, char *cause)
{
if(mqttServer.connected)
mqttServer.connected = 0;

printf("mqtt:server:connection lost\n");

}

int main()
{
mqttServer.topic = “MQTT/#”;
mqttServer.deviceId = “fs1704”;//mac地址; id不能相同
mqttServer.messageArrived = messageArrivedServer;
mqttServer.onConnectFailure = onConnectFailureServer;
mqttServer.onSubcribe = onSubcribeServer;
mqttServer.onConnectServer = onConnectServer;
mqttServer.onDisconnect = onDisconnectServer;
mqttServer.onPublishFailure = onPublishFailureServer;
mqttServer.connectionLost = connectionLostServer;

mqttServer.init();

while(true) {
    if(mqttServer.subscript_connect()) {
        sleep(1);
        continue;
    }
    break;
}
while(true) {
    sleep(2);
}
mqttServer.subscript_disconnect();
return 0;

}
可以看到，接收内容处理是在int messageArrivedServer(void *context, char *topicName, int topicLen, MQTTAsync_message *m)函数的，我也在此处打了TODO。

订阅话题是在void onConnectServer(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)函数完成。

MQTT数据发布端
#include
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include “mqtt.h”

MQTT mqttClient;

using namespace std;

void onConnectFailureClient(void *context, MQTTAsync_failureData *response)
{
mqttClient.connected = 0;
printf(“mqtt:connect failed, rc %d\n”, response ? response->code : -1);
MQTTAsync client = (MQTTAsync) context;
}

void onConnectClient(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)
{
mqttClient.connected = 1;
//连接成功的回调，只会在第一次 connect 成功后调用，后续自动重连成功时并不会调用，因此应用需要自行保证每次 connect 成功后重新订阅
printf(“mqtt:client:connect success\n”);
}

void onDisconnectClient(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)
{
mqttClient.connected = 0;
printf(“mqtt:connect disconnect\n”);
}

void onPublishFailureClient(void *context, MQTTAsync_failureData *response)
{
printf(“Publish failed, rc %d\n”, response ? -1 : response->code);
}

void onPublishClient(void *context, MQTTAsync_successData *response)
{
printf(“mqtt:publish:send success\n”);
}

void connectionLostClient(void *context, char *cause)
{
mqttClient.connected = 0;
printf(“mqtt:client:connection lost\n”);
}

int main()
{
char msg[1024];

mqttClient.topic = "MQTT/test";
mqttClient.deviceId = "fs0504";//mac地址; id不能相同
mqttClient.onConnectFailure = onConnectFailureClient;
mqttClient.onConnectClient = onConnectClient;
mqttClient.onDisconnect = onDisconnectClient;
mqttClient.onPublishFailure = onPublishFailureClient;
mqttClient.onPublish = onPublishClient;
mqttClient.connectionLost = connectionLostClient;

mqttClient.init();

while(true) {
    if(mqttClient.publish_connect()) {
        sleep(1);
        continue;
    }

    while(true) {
        sprintf(msg, "hello!! this is mqtt demo\n");

        mqttClient.publish_send(msg);

        sleep(1);

    }
    mqttClient.publish_disconnect();
}

return 0;

}
mqttClient.publish_send(msg);即实现了内容的发布。通常MQTT作为组件存在时，并不是一直处于运行状态的，还是要用到他发布功能的时候就连接上，用完或者不要用的时候就要 mqttClient.publish_disconnect();

测试结果
笔者已经把实现的Demo上传到资源了，读者可以自行测试。可以直接作为组件库使用。

本人的测试环境是Jetson Nano B01下搭载英伟达官方镜像Ubuntu20.04.

注意一定要先，安装paho.mqtt.c库哦