CMake语法—选项(option)

目录

CMake语法—选项(option)

1 选项

1.1 定义

 
option(<variable> "<help_text>" [value])

1.2 说明

  • variable 选项名
  • help_text 描述、解释、备注
  • value 选项初始化值(除ON而外全为OFF)

cmake 编译选项管理:
在工程的根目录,编写CMakeLists.txt, 除了直接初始化函数的值外,还可以另外创建一个独立的option.txt,专门管理编译选项,语法如下:

在CMakeLists.txt中加如下语句
include option.txt

在option.txt中添加以下语句

/*USE_MYMATH 为编译开关,中间的字符串为描述信息,ON/OFF 为默认选项*/
option (USE_MYMATH 
        “Use tutorial provided math implementation” ON) 
              
在编译之前,执行ccmake .就会弹出cmake GUI,进行配置所有的编译开关,配置结束后会生成一个CMakeCache.txt,配置后的编译选择保存在这个文件中。

/*看完整的make 信息*/
make VERBOSE=1

2 应用注意事项

2.1 代码结构

  • learn_cmake:为根目录

  • build:为CMake配置输出目录(在此例中即生成sln解决方案的地方)

  • CMakeLists.txt:CMake脚本

  • cmake_config.bat:执行CMake配置过程的脚本(双击直接运行)

     
      
    @echo off
    set currentDir=%~dp0
    set buildDir=%currentDir%
    set cmakeOutputDir=%currentDir%\build
    cmake -S %buildDir% -B %cmakeOutputDir% -G"Visual Studio 16 2019" -T v140 -A x64
    pause

2.2 注意事项

2.2.1 不初始化或赋为非ON的值,全部视为OFF

  1. 示例代码

     
      
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    # 设置工程名称
    set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)
    # 设置工程版本号
    set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")
    # 工程定义
    project(${PROJECT_NAME}
    LANGUAGES CXX C
    VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
    )
    # 打印开始日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION")
    ## 示例1:不赋值
    option(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST "构建测试模块")
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    endif()
    if (${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST is ON")
    else()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST is OFF")
    endif()
    message(STATUS "\n")
    ## 示例2:赋值为非ON、非OFF值
    option(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_EXAMPLE "构建示例模块" AAA)
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_EXAMPLE)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    endif()
    if (${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_EXAMPLE)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1 is ON")
    else()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1 is OFF")
    endif()
    if (${${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TYPE})
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2 is ON")
    else()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2 is OFF")
    endif()
    message(STATUS "\n")
    ## 示例3:赋值为ON
    option(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_GUI "构建视图模块" ON)
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_GUI)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_GUI")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_GUI")
    endif()
    if (${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_GUI)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_GUI is ON")
    else()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_GUI is OFF")
    endif()
    # 打印结束日志
    message(STATUS "########## END_TEST_OPTION\n")
  2. 运行结果

     
      
    -- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
    -- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting C compile features
    -- Detecting C compile features - done
    --
    ########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST is OFF
    --
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1 is OFF
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2 is OFF
    --
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_GUI
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_GUI is ON
    -- ########## END_TEST_OPTION
    -- Configuring done
    -- Generating done
    -- Build files have been written to: F:/learn_cmake/build
    请按任意键继续. . .

2.2.2 在定义语句执行后才有效;在定义之前均视为未定义(除过在CMake命令中通过-D预定义)

  1. 示例代码

     
      
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    # 设置工程名称
    set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)
    # 设置工程版本号
    set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")
    # 工程定义
    project(${PROJECT_NAME}
    LANGUAGES CXX C
    VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
    )
    # 打印开始日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION")
    ## 定义之前是看不到的
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    endif()
    ## 定义语句
    option(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST "构建测试模块" ON)
    ## 定义后才可以看到
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    endif()
    ## 定义后再应用
    if (${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST is ON")
    else()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST is OFF")
    endif()
    # 打印结束日志
    message(STATUS "########## END_TEST_OPTION\n")
  2. 运行结果

     
      
    -- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
    -- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting C compile features
    -- Detecting C compile features - done
    --
    ########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION
    -- not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST is ON
    -- ########## END_TEST_OPTION
    -- Configuring done
    -- Generating done
    -- Build files have been written to: F:/learn_cmake/build
    请按任意键继续. . .

2.2.3 已定义option选项会存储在CMakeCache.txt中。等价于缓存变量作用。

运行2.2.1中的示例代码,然后可以查看build目录下的CMakeCache.txt文件。如下图:

2.2.4 如果出现同名的变量(普通或缓存变量),则option会被忽略

  1. 示例代码

     
      
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    # 设置工程名称
    set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)
    # 设置工程版本号
    set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")
    # 工程定义
    project(${PROJECT_NAME}
    LANGUAGES CXX C
    VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION}
    )
    # 打印开始日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION")
    ## 1.1先定义普通变量
    set(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST "构建测试模块")
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST")
    endif()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST_1: ${${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST}\n")
    ## 1.2再定义同名option选项
    option(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST "构建测试模块" ON)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST_2: ${${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_TEST}\n")
    ### 2.1先定义option选项
    option(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_EXAMPLE "构建示例模块" OFF)
    if (DEFINED ${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_EXAMPLE)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    endif()
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1: ${KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE}")
    ### 2.2再定义普通同名变量
    set(${PROJECT_NAME}_BUILD_EXAMPLE "构建示例模块")
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2: ${KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE}")
    # 打印结束日志
    message(STATUS "########## END_TEST_OPTION\n")
  2. 运行结果

     
      
    -- Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
    -- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0/VC/bin/amd64/cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting C compile features
    -- Detecting C compile features - done
    --
    ########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST_1: 构建测试模块
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_TEST_2: 构建测试模块
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1: OFF
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2: 构建示例模块
    -- ########## END_TEST_OPTION
    -- Configuring done
    -- Generating done
    -- Build files have been written to: F:/learn_cmake/build
    请按任意键继续. . .

2.2.5 CMake命令中通过-D预设同名变量,则option也会被忽略(其本质与2.2.4相同)

  1. 示例代码

     
      
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    # 设置工程名称
    set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)
    # 设置工程版本号
    set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")
    # 工程定义
    project(${ PROJECT_NAME }
    LANGUAGES CXX C
    VERSION ${ PROJECT_VERSION }
    )
    # 打印开始日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION")
    if (DEFINED ${ PROJECT_NAME }_BUILD_EXAMPLE)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    endif()
    ## 定义option选项
    option(${ PROJECT_NAME }_BUILD_EXAMPLE "构建示例模块" OFF)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE: ${KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE}")
    # 打印结束日志
    message(STATUS "########## END_TEST_OPTION\n")
  2. cmake_config.bat

     
      
    @echo off
    set currentDir=%~dp0
    set buildDir=%currentDir%
    set cmakeOutputDir=%currentDir%\build
    cmake -S %buildDir% -B %cmakeOutputDir% -G"Visual Studio 16 2019" -T v140 -A x64 -DKAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE=ON
    pause
  3. 运行结果

     
      
    --Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
    --The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    --The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    --Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working CXX compiler : C: / Program Files(x86) / Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0 / VC / bin / amd64 / cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working C compiler : C: / Program Files(x86) / Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0 / VC / bin / amd64 / cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting C compile features
    -- Detecting C compile features - done
    --
    ########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION
    -- defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE: ON
    -- ########## END_TEST_OPTION
    -- Configuring done
    -- Generating done
    -- Build files have been written to : F: / learn_cmake / build
    请按任意键继续. . .

2.2.6 修改option选项值(建议通过缓存变量方式修改)

  1. 示例代码

     
      
    cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
    # 设置工程名称
    set(PROJECT_NAME KAIZEN)
    # 设置工程版本号
    set(PROJECT_VERSION "1.0.0.10" CACHE STRING "默认版本号")
    # 工程定义
    project(${ PROJECT_NAME }
    LANGUAGES CXX C
    VERSION ${ PROJECT_VERSION }
    )
    # 打印开始日志
    message(STATUS "\n########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION")
    if (DEFINED ${ PROJECT_NAME }_BUILD_EXAMPLE)
    message(STATUS "defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    else()
    message(STATUS "not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE")
    endif()
    ## 定义option选项
    option(${ PROJECT_NAME }_BUILD_EXAMPLE "构建示例模块" OFF)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1: ${KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE}")
    ## 方式一:修改option选项值(无效方式,请忽略)
    option(${ PROJECT_NAME }_BUILD_EXAMPLE "构建示例模块" ON)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2: ${KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE}")
    ## 方式二:通过cache变量方式修改(正确方式,力推荐)
    set(${ PROJECT_NAME }_BUILD_EXAMPLE ON CACHE BOOL "构建示例模块" FORCE)
    message(STATUS "KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_3: ${KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE}")
    # 打印结束日志
    message(STATUS "########## END_TEST_OPTION\n")
  2. 运行结果

     
      
    --Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.18362.0 to target Windows 10.0.17763.
    --The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    --The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.0.24245.0
    --Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working CXX compiler : C: / Program Files(x86) / Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0 / VC / bin / amd64 / cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting CXX compile features
    -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
    -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
    -- Check for working C compiler : C: / Program Files(x86) / Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0 / VC / bin / amd64 / cl.exe - skipped
    -- Detecting C compile features
    -- Detecting C compile features - done
    --
    ########## BEGIN_TEST_OPTION
    -- not defined KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_1: OFF
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_2 : OFF
    -- KAIZEN_BUILD_EXAMPLE_3 : ON
    -- ########## END_TEST_OPTION
    -- Configuring done
    -- Generating done
    -- Build files have been written to : F: / learn_cmake / build
    请按任意键继续. . .

    当然,也可以通过定义同名普通变量方式进行修改。

    但是,通过普通变量方式修改后,CMakeCache.txt中的值仍然为旧值。感兴趣可自行验证。

    option选项本质与缓存变量相同,即会存储在CMakeCache.txt中。因此修改其值也推荐使用缓存变量的方式,这样会直接修改CMakeCache.txt中的存储值,更彻底、更本质、更安全。

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