如何用分词来简化状语从句

在使用英语时，有一个规则：能使用短语时不用句子，能用单个词时不用短语。因此，有些从句在实际应用时，有些可以可以简化成短语。下面先讲讲义中出现过的时间状语、原因状语和条件状语的简化情况。

情形一：从句主语和主句主语一致

步骤：去（从句）连词—去（从句）主语—（从句）谓语变分词

时间状语从句

1、  以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句，谓语动词是主动语态时，如果从句谓语动词所表示的动作是与主句谓语同时发生，可简化为现在分词的一般式；如果从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语之前，则可简化为现在分词的完成式。

When we heard (=When hearing/Hearing)the teacher's pleasant talk to us, we began to feel comfortable.

While Mary was standing(While standing/Standing) in front of the teacher, she(Mary) was very nervous.

状语从句的谓语动词是被动语态时，可简化为过去分词。

When ／If it is heated to a high temperature(=Heated to a high temperature)，water will change into steam．

If we are given(=Given) more time, we can do the work better.

If the city is seen(=Seen) from the mountain, it（the city） looks very beautiful.

 2、以after,before引导的状语从句可用after,before+从句谓语动词的动名词（短语）形式构成介词短语作状语。

     After he put on (=After putting)the trousers, he found they were 2 inches too long.

    也可：Having put on the trousers, …

     Before we do the job(=Before doing the job), we'd better think it over.

3、以as soon as 引导的状语从句，可用On+谓语动词的动名词形式作状语，此时的动词是非延续性动词。

    Doctor Bethune began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived (=On arriving)at the village.

2、原因状语从句

可简化为分词短语作状语。

     Since you still look pretty sick(=Looking pretty sick), you'd better have a good rest.

     Because he was(=Being) one of the best teachers in the city, he was given a medal.

     Since I didn't know Chinese(=Not knowing Chinese), I tried to speak to her in English.

 情形二：从句主语和主句主语不一致

步骤：去连词—留主语—动词变分词

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，状语从句简化成分词短语时则要保留其本身的主语，使该主语成为分词短语的逻辑主语，即构成独立主格结构（主语+分词）。例如：

 As it was fine that day（=It being fine that day）），we decided to go fishing．

 

Since his father had fallen ill（His father having fallen ill），John had to begin working at the age of ten.

 

 If weather permits(=Weather permitting), we will have a picnic.