机器学习实战——k-邻近算法

实验数据：

from numpy import *
from os import listdir
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import operator

#产生数据样本
def createDataSet():
    group=array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1]])
    labels=['A','A','B','B']
    return group,labels

#knn分类器
def mycalssify(inX,dataSet,labels,k):
    dataSetSize=dataSet.shape[0]
    diffMat=tile(inX,(dataSetSize,1))-dataSet
    sqDiffMat=diffMat**2
    sqDistance=sqDiffMat.sum(axis=1)
    distance=sqDistance**0.5
    sortedDisIndicies=distance.argsort()
    classCount={}
    for i in range(k):
        voteIlabel=labels[sortedDisIndicies[i]]
        classCount[voteIlabel]=classCount.get(voteIlabel,0)+1
    sortedClassCount=sorted(classCount.items(),key=operator.itemgetter(1),reverse=True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]

#文本转numpy矩阵（仍然是数组）格式
def file2matrix(filename):
    fr=open(filename)
    arrayOLines=fr.readlines()
    numberOfLines=len(arrayOLines)
    returnMat=zeros((numberOfLines,3))
    classLabelVector=[]
    index=0
    for line in arrayOLines:
        line=line.strip()
        listFromLine=line.split('\t')
        returnMat[index,:]=listFromLine[0:3]
        classLabelVector.append(int(listFromLine[-1]))
        index+=1
    return returnMat,classLabelVector

#数值归一化
def autoNorm(dataSet):
    minVal=dataSet.min(0)
    maxVal=dataSet.max(0)
    ranges=maxVal-minVal
    normDataSet=zeros(shape(dataSet))
    m=dataSet.shape[0]
    normDataSet=dataSet-tile(minVal,(m,1))
    normDataSet=normDataSet/tile(ranges,(m,1))
    return normDataSet,ranges,minVal

#测试约会网站
def datingClassTest():
    hoRatio=0.10
    datingDataMat,datingLabels=file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
    normMat,ranges,minVal=autoNorm(datingDataMat)
    m=normMat.shape[0]
    numTestVecs=int(m*hoRatio)
    errorCount=0.0
    for i in range(numTestVecs):
        classifierResult=mycalssify(normMat[i,:],normMat[numTestVecs:m,:],datingLabels[numTestVecs:m],4)
        print('the myclass came back with:%d,the real answer is %d' %(classifierResult,datingLabels[i]))
        if classifierResult != datingLabels[i]:
            errorCount+=1.0
    print('the total error rate is:%f' %(errorCount/float(numTestVecs)))

#交互式输入测试
def classifyPerson():
    resultList=['not at all','in small doses','in large doses']
    percentTats=float(input('playing video game:'))
    ffMiles=float(input('miles:'))
    iceCream=float(input('icecream:'))
    datingDataMat,datingLabels=file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
    normMat,ranges,minVals=autoNorm(datingDataMat)
    inArr=array([percentTats,ffMiles,iceCream])
    result=mycalssify((inArr-minVals)/ranges,normMat,datingLabels,3)
    print('you will probably like this person:',resultList[result-1])

#图像文本转向量
def img2vector(filename):
    returnVect=zeros((1,1024))
    fr=open(filename)
    for i in range(32):
        lineStr=fr.readline()
        for j in range(32):
            returnVect[0,32*i+j]=int(lineStr[j])
    return returnVect

#测试
def handwritingClassTest():
    hwLabels=[]
    trainingFileList=listdir('trainingDigits')
    m=len(trainingFileList)
    trainingMat=zeros((m,1024))
    for i in range(m):
        fileNameStr=trainingFileList[i]
        fileStr=fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
        classNumStr=fileStr.split('_')[0]
        hwLabels.append(classNumStr)
        trainingMat[i,:]=img2vector('trainingDigits/%s' %fileNameStr)
    testFileList=listdir('testDigits')
    errorCount=0.0
    mTest=len(testFileList)
    for i in range(mTest):
        fileNameStr=testFileList[i]
        fileStr=fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
        classNumStr = fileStr.split('_')[0]
        vectorUnderTest=img2vector('testDigits/%s' %fileNameStr)
        classifileResult=mycalssify(vectorUnderTest,trainingMat,hwLabels,3)
        print('the classifier came back with: %s,the real answei is:%s' %(classifileResult,classNumStr))
        if classifileResult!=classNumStr:
            errorCount+=1.0
    print('\n the total number of error is: %d'%errorCount)
    print('\n the total error rate is : %f' %(errorCount/float(mTest)))

#使用matplotlib画图：
datingDataMat,datingLabels=file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2],15.0*array(datingLabels),15.0*array(datingLabels))

#plt.show()
#datingClassTest()
#classifyPerson()
#handwritingClassTest()