The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.
The first life appeared about a billion years later.
The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.
Until about 580 million ago, life forms were small and microscopic.
Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species.
However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.
When did the first plants first appear on earth? about 2 billion years ago
There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.
In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.
The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.
These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.
Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic eruptions.
Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.
What is an asteroid impact? It's when an asteroid collides with something.
One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.
That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.
As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out.
When the asteroid hit the earth it started a chain of events.
A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.
What might have caused extinction of the dinosaurs? An asteroid hit the Earth and started a chain of events.
This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.
When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the atmosphere.
This cloud of the dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.
Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.
With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.
This led to the deaths of many more species.
What may have darkened the Earth for many months? a huge cloud of dust
What caused the food chain to collapse? The deaths of many plants and plant-eating animals.
Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.
In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.
For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't compete.
When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more successfully.
Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.
Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.
What m*** block the evolution of mammals? the existence of dinosaurs
Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540 million years.
They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.
Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.
Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human activities.
Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.
What do scientists believe has already started? a new extinction event
Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.
These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.
As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.
In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.
Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.
Why are sea levels rising? With the rise in temperature, the polar icecaps are melting.
There is no longer any doubt that this is happening
Species of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.
Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.
Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.
If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.
This new extinction event is caused by humans.
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