【Python】实现区域生长算法（regionGrow）

区域生长是一种串行区域分割的图像分割方法。区域生长是指从某个像素出发，按照一定的准则，逐步加入邻近像素，当满足一定的条件时，区域生长终止。区域生长的好坏决定于1.初始点（种子点）的选取。2.生长准则。3.终止条件。区域生长是从某个或者某些像素点出发，最后得到整个区域，进而实现目标的提取。

区域生长的原理：   

区域生长的基本思想是将具有相似性质的像素集合起来构成区域。具体先对每个需要分割的区域找一个种子像素作为生长起点，然后将种子像素和周围邻域中与种子像素有相同或相似性质的像素（根据某种事先确定的生长或相似准则来判定）合并到种子像素所在的区域中。将这些新像素当作新的种子继续上面的过程，直到没有满足条件的像素可被包括进来。这样一个区域就生长成了。

区域生长实现的步骤如下:

1. 对图像顺序扫描!找到第1个还没有归属的像素, 设该像素为(x0, y0);

2. 以(x0, y0)为中心, 考虑(x0, y0)的4邻域像素(x, y)如果(x0, y0)满足生长准则, 将(x, y)与(x0, y0)合并(在同一区域内), 同时将(x, y)压入堆栈;

3. 从堆栈中取出一个像素, 把它当作(x0, y0)返回到步骤2;

4. 当堆栈为空时!返回到步骤1;

5. 重复步骤1 - 4直到图像中的每个点都有归属时。生长结束。

import numpy as np
import cv2


class Point(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def getX(self):
        return self.x

    def getY(self):
        return self.y


def getGrayDiff(img, currentPoint, tmpPoint):
    return abs(int(img[currentPoint.x, currentPoint.y]) - int(img[tmpPoint.x, tmpPoint.y]))


def selectConnects(p):
    if p != 0:
        connects = [Point(-1, -1), Point(0, -1), Point(1, -1), Point(1, 0), Point(1, 1), Point(0, 1), Point(-1, 1), Point(-1, 0)]
    else:
        connects = [Point(0, -1), Point(1, 0), Point(0, 1), Point(-1, 0)]
    return connects


def regionGrow(img, seeds, thresh, p=1):
    height, weight = img.shape
    seedMark = np.zeros(img.shape)
    seedList = []
    for seed in seeds:
        seedList.append(seed)
    label = 1
    connects = selectConnects(p)
    while (len(seedList) > 0):
        currentPoint = seedList.pop(0)

        seedMark[currentPoint.x, currentPoint.y] = label
        for i in range(8):
            tmpX = currentPoint.x + connects[i].x
            tmpY = currentPoint.y + connects[i].y
            if tmpX < 0 or tmpY < 0 or tmpX >= height or tmpY >= weight:
                continue
            grayDiff = getGrayDiff(img, currentPoint, Point(tmpX, tmpY))
            if grayDiff < thresh and seedMark[tmpX, tmpY] == 0:
                seedMark[tmpX, tmpY] = label
                seedList.append(Point(tmpX, tmpY))
    return seedMark


img = cv2.imread('1.jpg', 0)
seeds = [Point(298, 241)]
binaryImg = regionGrow(img, seeds, 5)
cv2.imshow('image', binaryImg)
cv2.waitKey(0)