Ubuntu16.04 安装Caffe

1.CPU版

(1)安装依赖库

sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libhdf5-serial-dev libboost-all-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev

在安装过程中这些库的安装除了hdf5库有问题外，其他都正常。问题出现在安装caffe是make all后出现错误提示。这点接下来再说。

(2)安装caffe

终端输入：

git clone git://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git

然后找到caffe文件夹，打开后会发现Makefile.config.example 文件，

这时候将Makefile.config.example复制一份命名为Makefile.config，并打开，将

#CPU_ONLY := 1

前的“#”去掉即可

在caffe文件夹中打开终端，运行make all，这时候就会出现hdf5库丢失问题：

./include/caffe/util/hdf5.hpp:6:18: fatal error: hdf5.h: No such file or directory

解决方法：

sudo find / -name hdf5.h

找到对应文件路径，将其加入Makefile.config中。

查询结果为

/usr/include/hdf5/serial/hdf5.h

打开Makefile.config，在

INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE)/usr/local/include 

之后添加 

/usr/include/hdf5/serial 

即可。类似的，若编译caffe时出现丢失文件的情况，都可以用此方法解决。注意路径，有

INCLUDE_DIRS 和 LIBRARY_DIRS两个，看清丢失文件的路径在/usr/include中还是/usr/lib中

然后继续make all ，又出现问题：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lhdf5_hl
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lhdf5

解决方法：打开Makefile文件，找到

LIBRARIES +=glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_hl hdf5

更改最后两项为：

LIBRARIES +=glog gflags protobuf boost_system boost_filesystem m hdf5_serial_hl hdf5_serial

之后执行

make all
make test
make runtest

安装过程中问题相关链接：

http://blog.csdn.net/goofysong/article/details/52116265

http://blog.csdn.net/striker_v/article/details/51615197

http://blog.csdn.net/lkj345/article/details/51280369

(3)安装anaconda,配置Python接口

先提一下配置之前环境：Ubuntu 16.04，gcc版本5.4.0

1.安装anaconda ，选择Python2.7

bash Anaconda2-4.3.0-Linux-x86_64.sh

2.安装过程中注意提示，千万不要一直enter，记得一直选择默认的就行，傻瓜式安装，之后会提示是否在bashrc文档中添加路径，这里选择“yes”

3.打开bashrc文档，在Home下，打开显示隐藏文件选项，就可以找到该文件。在最后一行里加入

export PATH=/home/（你的用户名）/anaconda2/bin:$PATH（具体路径根据你的安装路径而定）
export PYTHONPATH=/home/（你的用户名）/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH（同上）
export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6

Bashrc文档更改后需要source一下，可以重启电脑或者输入命令：

sudo ldconfig

4.修改caffe下的Makefile.config文档。

## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
# Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome!
 
# cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN).
# USE_CUDNN := 1
 
# CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support).
CPU_ONLY := 1
 
# uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers
# USE_OPENCV := 0
# USE_LEVELDB := 0
# USE_LMDB := 0
 
# uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary)
#You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any
#possibility of simultaneous read and write
# ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1
 
# Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3
# OPENCV_VERSION := 3
 
# To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following.
# N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++
# CUSTOM_CXX := g++
 
# CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need.
# CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda
# On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via
# "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead:
# CUDA_DIR := /usr
 
# CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them.
# For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 lines for compatibility.
# CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \
#-gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \
#-gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \
#-gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \
#-gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \
#-gencode arch=compute_50,code=compute_50
 
# BLAS choice:
# atlas for ATLAS (default)
# mkl for MKL
# open for OpenBlas
BLAS := atlas
# Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories.
# Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS
# (which should work)!
# BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas
# BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas
 
# Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path
# BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include
# BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib
 
# This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface.
# MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin.
# MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local
# MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app
 
# NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface.
# We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h.
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \
# /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
# Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path:
# Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root.
 ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda2
 PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \
 $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \
 $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include 
 
# Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2)
# PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m
# PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \
#                 /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include
 
# We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib.
# PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib
 PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib
 
# Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only)
# PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include
# PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib
 
# Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs)
WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1
 
# Whatever else you find you need goes here.
INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/include/hdf5/serial /usr/local/include
LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial  
 
# If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies
# INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include
# LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib
 
# NCCL acceleration switch (uncomment to build with NCCL)
# https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl (last tested version: v1.2.3-1+cuda8.0)
# USE_NCCL := 1
 
# Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths.
# (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.)
# USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1
 
# N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean`
BUILD_DIR := build
DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute
 
# Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171
# DEBUG := 1
 
# The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests.
TEST_GPUID := 0
 
# enable pretty build (comment to see full commands)
Q ?= @

5.在终端下输入命令

python

此时会显示你的默认python版本，若出现Anaconda，则说明之前Anaconda安装成功，否则重新安装，

接着输入

make pycaffe

编译成功后，不能重复编译，否则会提示 Nothing to be done for "pycaffe"的错误,若想重新编译，则输入

make clean

然后在Caffe目录下输入命令

make all

我出现了如下错误提示：

Makefile:626: recipe for target '.build_release/tools/convert_imageset.bin'

然后错误提示中全部提示未定义的引用，大量出现“std::__cxx11::”，

那么问题就是gcc不匹配的问题了，gcc5.4版本太高，具体原因官网有说明：

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-5.2.0/libstdc++/manual/manual/using_dual_abi.html，

解决方法：

1)降级系统gcc版本，降至gcc5.1之前才可以，不推荐

2)按照官网提示，将_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI值更改为0，

CXXFLAGS += -D_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=0

但是不知道怎么改，在哪里改，放弃

3)升级Anaconda中的gcc版本

输入命令

conda  install libgcc

出现升级确认提示，输入y

升级成功后，关闭终端重新打开

再回到caffe目录下，输入命令

make all

成功后，输入python，接着输入

import caffe

出现错误提示：

No module named google.protobuf

此时输入命令

conda install protobuf

结束后再重新import caffe，成功的话应该没有任何提示。

2.GPU版

待更新

3. Mnist数据库测试Caffe

在caffe根目录下终端运行

./data/mnist/get_mnist.sh
./examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh

经过上述操作./examples/mnist/路径下会有mnist_test_lmdb和mnist_train_lmdb

两个文件夹，分别是测试和训练数据。
我在这里使用lenet模型进行训练，首先修改

./examples/mnist/lenet_solver.prototxt最后一句话为

solver_mode:CPU

然后运行命令

./examples/mnist/train_lenet.sh

即可。