OpenGL_9:着色器之uniform变量

#include <stdio.h>
#include <GLAD/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <math.h>

const char *vertexShaderSource =
        "#version 330 core\n"
                "layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;\n"
                "void main(){\n"
                    "gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 1.0f);\n"
                "}\n\0";


/**
 * Uniform是一种从CPU中的应用向GPU中的着色器发送数据的方式，但uniform和顶点属性有些不同。
 * 首先，uniform是全局的(Global)。全局意味着uniform变量必须在每个着色器程序对象中
 * 都是独一无二的，而且它可以被着色器程序的任意着色器在任意阶段访问。
 * 第二，无论你把uniform值设置成什么，uniform会一直保存它们的数据，直到它们被重置或更新。
 * */
const char *fragmentShaderSource =
        "#version 330 core\n"
                "out vec4 FragColor;\n"
                "uniform vec4 myColor;"
                "void main(){\n"
                    "FragColor = myColor;\n"
                "}\n\0";

const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 800;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* glfWwindow, int width, int height);

int main() {

    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    GLFWwindow *glfWwindow = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "shader", NULL, NULL);
    if (NULL == glfWwindow){
        printf("Failed to create window\n");
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(glfWwindow);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(glfWwindow, framebuffer_size_callback);

    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)){
        printf("Failed to initialize GLAD\n");
    }

    int success;
    char infoLog[512];

    unsigned int vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, &vertexShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(vertexShader);

    glGetShaderiv(vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success){
        glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        printf("Failed to compile vertexShader:%s\n", infoLog);
    }

    unsigned int fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
    glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, &fragmentShaderSource, NULL);
    glCompileShader(fragmentShader);

    glGetShaderiv(fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success){
        glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentShader, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        printf("Failed to compile fragmentShader:%s\n", infoLog);
    }

    unsigned int shaderProgram = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader);
    glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader);
    glLinkProgram(shaderProgram);

    glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
    if (!success){
        glGetProgramInfoLog(shaderProgram, 512, NULL, infoLog);
        printf("Failed to linkProgram:%s\n", infoLog);
    }

    glDeleteShader(vertexShader);
    glDeleteShader(fragmentShader);

    float vertices[] = {
            -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,
            0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,
            0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f
    };

    unsigned int VBO, VAO;
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);

    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 3 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);

//    glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);

    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(glfWwindow)){

        glUseProgram(shaderProgram);

        // 渲染
        // 清除颜色缓冲
        glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

        //更换uniform颜色
        /**
         * 首先我们通过glfwGetTime()获取运行的秒数。然后我们使用sin函数让颜色在0.0到1.0之间改变，
         * 最后将结果储存到greenValue里。
         * 接着，我们用glGetUniformLocation查询uniform ourColor的位置值。
         * 我们为查询函数提供着色器程序和uniform的名字（这是我们希望获得的位置值的来源）。
         * 如果glGetUniformLocation返回-1就代表没有找到这个位置值。
         * 最后，我们可以通过glUniform4f函数设置uniform值。
         * 注意，查询uniform地址不要求你之前使用过着色器程序，但是更新一个uniform之前你必须先
         * 使用程序（调用glUseProgram)，因为它是在当前激活的着色器程序中设置uniform的。
         * */
        double timeValue = glfwGetTime();
        double greenValue = sin(timeValue);
        int vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "myColor");
        glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.0f, greenValue, 0.0f, 1.0f);

        glBindVertexArray(VAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

        glfwSwapBuffers(glfWwindow);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    return 0;
}

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* glfWwindow, int width, int height){
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

运行结果：