UVA 297 四叉树合并 Quadtrees

该博客讨论了如何使用四叉树表示图像,并解释了如何通过四叉树合并来处理黑白图像的加法操作。四叉树是一种将图像分割成四个象限的数据结构,仅在象限内有不同颜色像素时进行细分。艺术家希望计算两幅图像相加后黑色像素的数量,以评估结果图像的有趣程度。输入是两个四叉树的前序表示,输出是黑色像素总数。
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用一个Dps,把它输出来,要记录层数。

A quadtree is a representation format used to encode images. The fundamental idea behind the quadtree is that any image can be split into four quadrants. Each quadrant may again be split in four sub quadrants, etc. In the quadtree, the image is represented by a parent node, while the four quadrants are represented by four child nodes, in a predetermined order.

Of course, if the whole image is a single color, it can be represented by a quadtree consisting of a single node. In general, a quadrant needs only to be subdivided if it consists of pixels of different colors. As a result, the quadtree need not be of uniform depth.

A modern computer artist works with black-and-white images of tex2html_wrap_inline34 units, for a total of 1024 pixels per image. One of the operations he performs is adding two images together, to form a new image. In the resulting image a pixel is black if it was black in at least one of the component images, otherwise it is white.

This particular artist believes in what he calls

在C#中,我们可以创建一个简单的四叉树Quadtrees)数据结构。下面是一个基本的四叉树类的实现,包括节点添加、划分和查询等操作: ```csharp public class QuadTree<T> where T : IComparable<T> { private Node root; private int width, height; public QuadTree(int width, int height) { this.width = width; this.height = height; root = new Node(null); } // 节点类 private class Node { public T Data { get; set; } public Node[] Children { get; } = new Node[4]; public Node(T data) { Data = data; } public void Split() { if (Children.Any(n => n == null)) { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { if (Children[i] == null) { var splitData = SplitData(Data); Children[i] = new Node(splitData[i]); } } } } // 数据划分策略,这里简单地按中心点将数据分为四个部分 private static T[] SplitData(T data) { return new[] { data / 2, data * 3 / 2, data - data / 2, data + data / 2 }; } } // 添加元素到树 public void Insert(T value) { root.Split(); root.Data = value; InsertRecursively(root, value); } // 递归插入函数 private void InsertRecursively(Node node, T value) { if (value.CompareTo(node.Data) < 0) { if (node.Children[0] != null) InsertRecursively(node.Children[0], value); else node.Children[0] = new Node(value); } else if (value.CompareTo(node.Data) > 0) { if (node.Children[2] != null) InsertRecursively(node.Children[2], value); else node.Children[2] = new Node(value); } else return; // 如果值相等,不做处理 // 划分节点 node.Split(); } // 查询节点是否存在特定值 public bool Contains(T value) { return FindNode(root, value) != null; } // 递归查找节点 private Node FindNode(Node node, T value) { if (node == null || node.Data.Equals(value)) return node; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { if (node.Children[i] != null && value.CompareTo(node.Children[i].Data) >= 0) return FindNode(node.Children[i], value); } return null; } } // 示例:创建并使用四叉树 QuadTree<int> quadTree = new QuadTree(10, 10); // 宽度和高度设为10 quadTree.Insert(50); bool contains = quadTree.Contains(30); // 返回false,因为30不在范围 ```
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