ThreadPoolExecutor的饱和策略——线程池

读《Java并发编程实战》笔记。

线程池饱和策略

当有界队列被填满后，饱和策略开始发挥作用。ThreadPoolExecutor 的饱和策略可以通过调用 setRejectedExecutionHandler 来修改。

JDK 提供了四种不同的饱和策略，实现 RejectedExecutionHandler 接口。

/**
 * A handler for tasks that cannot be executed by a {@link ThreadPoolExecutor}.
 *
 * @since 1.5
 * @author Doug Lea
 */
public interface RejectedExecutionHandler {

    /**
     * Method that may be invoked by a {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} when
     * {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#execute execute} cannot accept a
     * task.  This may occur when no more threads or queue slots are
     * available because their bounds would be exceeded, or upon
     * shutdown of the Executor.
     *
     * <p>In the absence of other alternatives, the method may throw
     * an unchecked {@link RejectedExecutionException}, which will be
     * propagated to the caller of {@code execute}.
     *
     * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
     * @param executor the executor attempting to execute this task
     * @throws RejectedExecutionException if there is no remedy
     */
    void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor);
}

AbortPolicy 中止策略

中止策略，默认的饱和策略，该策略将抛出未检查的 RejectedExecutionException。调用者可以捕获这个异常，然后根据需求编写自己的处理代码。

    /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that throws a
     * {@code RejectedExecutionException}.
     */
    public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates an {@code AbortPolicy}.
         */
        public AbortPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Always throws RejectedExecutionException.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         * @throws RejectedExecutionException always
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                 " rejected from " +
                                                 e.toString());
        }
    }

DiscardPolicy 抛弃策略

抛弃策略，会悄悄抛弃该任务，当新提交的任务无法保存到队列中等待执行时。

    /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that silently discards the
     * rejected task.
     */
    public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardPolicy}.
         */
        public DiscardPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        }
    }

不做任何事情，就丢失这次任务执行。

DiscardOldestPolicy 抛弃最旧的策略

抛弃最旧的策略，会抛弃下一个将被执行的任务，然后尝试重新提交新的任务（如果工作队列是一个优先队列，那么该策略将导致抛弃优先级最高的任务，因此最好不要将该策略和优先级队列 (PriorityBlockingQueue)放在一起使用）。

    /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that discards the oldest unhandled
     * request and then retries {@code execute}, unless the executor
     * is shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
     */
    public static class DiscardOldestPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code DiscardOldestPolicy} for the given executor.
         */
        public DiscardOldestPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Obtains and ignores the next task that the executor
         * would otherwise execute, if one is immediately available,
         * and then retries execution of task r, unless the executor
         * is shut down, in which case task r is instead discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                e.getQueue().poll();
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }
    }

CallerRunsPolicy 调用者运行策略

调用者运行策略，实现了一种调节机制，该策略既不会抛弃任务，也不会抛出异常，而是将某些任务回退到调用者，从而降低新任务的流量。它不会在线程池中执行新的提交任务，而是在一个调用了 execute 的线程中执行该任务。

    /**
     * A handler for rejected tasks that runs the rejected task
     * directly in the calling thread of the {@code execute} method,
     * unless the executor has been shut down, in which case the task
     * is discarded.
     */
    public static class CallerRunsPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
        /**
         * Creates a {@code CallerRunsPolicy}.
         */
        public CallerRunsPolicy() { }

        /**
         * Executes task r in the caller's thread, unless the executor
         * has been shut down, in which case the task is discarded.
         *
         * @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
         * @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
         */
        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                r.run();
            }
        }
    }

这种模式的设计，简单却有效，看着就很优雅，记录一下。