1. 线性变换的矩阵,Matrices of Linear Operation
线性变化的矩阵指以线性空间中的基中各元素的像在该基下的坐标为列向量构成的矩阵。线性变化的矩阵是方阵,它的阶数等于线性空间的维数。 x=(x1,x2,...,xn) , {β1,β2,...,βn} 是其在该基下的坐标, A=(β1,β2,...,βn) 。
T(x)≜(Tx1,Tx2,...,Txn)=(x1,x2,...,xn)A
2. 线性变换的核和值域,Image and Kernel set of Linear Operation
T
是线性空间V的线性变换,则其值域
im(T)={y=T(x)|x∈V}
ker(T)={x|T(x)=0,x∈V}
3.线性子空间与线性映射的关系,Linear mapping
令 V,W 为两个向量空间, T:V↦W 为一线性变换。则有
(1) If M is the linear subspace of V, thenT(M) is the linear subspace of W.
(2) If N is the linear subspace of W, then T−1(N) is the linear subspace of V.
(3) T(0)=0 and T(−x)=−T(x).
4.线性变换的运算,Linear Operation
(1) T1+T2:∀x∈V,(T1+T2)x=T1x+T2x.
(2) kT:∀x∈V,(kT)x=k(Tx).
(3) T1T2:∀x∈V,(T1T2)x=T1(T2X).
(4) T−1:∃x∈V and S is a linear operator,s.t.(ST)x≡x, then, S is T−1.
(5) f(x)=∑Nn=0anxn,f(T)=∑Nn=0anTn.