linux设备驱动程序该添加哪些头文件--该怎么做

在编写linux设备驱动程序的时候，如果在不参考已有驱动程序的情况下，我们该如何不多不少地用#include包含所需的头文件呢？ 下面，来通过一个实验来介绍。运行环境：Source Insight @ Windows xp内核代码：Linux 2.6.32实验代码: 简单ramblock实验#define DEV_MAJOR 251static struct gendisk *my_rmbk;static struct request_queue *my_rq;DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rmbk_lock);#define RAMBLOCK_SIZE (1024*1024)const struct block_device_operations rmbk_fops = {.owner = THIS_MODULE,};static void do_rmbk_request(struct request_queue *q){printk("Do_ramdisk_request\n");}static int ramdisk_init(void){/* 注册块设备 */register_blkdev(DEV_MAJOR, "ramdisk");/* 分配gendisk结构体*/my_rmbk = alloc_disk(16);/* 为块设备准备一个请求队列 */my_rq = blk_init_queue(do_rmbk_request, &rmbk_lock);sprintf(my_rmbk, "ramdisk");my_rmbk->major = DEV_MAJOR;my_rmbk->first_minor = 0;my_rmbk->fops = &rmbk_fops;my_rmbk->queue = my_rq;set_capacity(my_rmbk, RAMBLOCK_SIZE / 512);/* 添加分区信息到内核列表 */add_disk(my_rmbk);return 0;}static void ramdisk_exit(void){del_gendisk(my_rmbk);blk_cleanup_queue(my_rq);put_disk(my_rmbk);unregister_blkdev(DEV_MAJOR, "ramdisk");return;}module_init(ramdisk_init);module_exit(ramdisk_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");上面是没有写#include语句的源代码，直接编译程序，看会报告那些函数未知 /home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:6: warning: data definition has no type or storage class/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:6: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'DEFINE_SPINLOCK'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:6: warning: parameter names (without types) in function declaration/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:10: error: variable 'rmbk_fops' has initializer but incomplete type/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:11: error: unknown field 'owner' specified in initializer/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:11: error: 'THIS_MODULE' undeclared here (not in a function)/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:11: warning: excess elements in struct initializer/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:11: warning: (near initialization for 'rmbk_fops')/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c: In function 'do_rmbk_request':/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:16: error: implicit declaration of function 'printk'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c: In function 'ramdisk_init':/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:22: error: implicit declaration of function 'register_blkdev'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:25: error: implicit declaration of function 'alloc_disk'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:25: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:28: error: implicit declaration of function 'blk_init_queue'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:28: error: 'rmbk_lock' undeclared (first use in this function)/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:28: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:28: error: for each function it appears in.)/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:32: error: implicit declaration of function 'sprintf'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:32: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function 'sprintf'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:32: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:33: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:34: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:35: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:36: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:38: error: implicit declaration of function 'set_capacity'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:41: error: implicit declaration of function 'add_disk'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c: In function 'ramdisk_exit':/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:50: error: implicit declaration of function 'del_gendisk'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:51: error: implicit declaration of function 'blk_cleanup_queue'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:52: error: implicit declaration of function 'put_disk'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:53: error: implicit declaration of function 'unregister_blkdev'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c: At top level:/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:58: warning: data definition has no type or storage class/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:58: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'module_init'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:58: warning: parameter names (without types) in function declaration/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:59: warning: data definition has no type or storage class/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:59: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'module_exit'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:59: warning: parameter names (without types) in function declaration/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:61: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before string constant/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:61: warning: data definition has no type or storage class/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:61: warning: type defaults to 'int' in declaration of 'MODULE_LICENSE'/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.c:61: warning: function declaration isn't a prototypemake[2]: *** [/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk/ramblock.o] Error 1make[1]: *** [_module_/home/profiles/2440/rootfs/exps_wqkfsc/ramdisk] Error 2make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/profiles/2440/linux-2.6.32.2'make: *** [all] Error 2第6行 warning DECLARE_SPINLOCK第10行 error rmbk_fops 为struct block_device_operations第11行 error .owner = THIS_MODULE第16行 error printk第22行 error register_blkdev第25行 error alloc_disk第28行 error blk_init_queue、rmbk_lock第32行 error sprintf第32-36行 error 都是上面引起的连带错误第38行 error set_capacity第41行 error add_disk第50行 error del_gendisk第51行 error blk_cleanup_queue第52行 error put_disk第53行 error unregister_blkdev第58-59行 warning module_init,module_exit的警告第61行 error&warning MODULE_LICENSE发出的先说明一下source insight里面经常用到的两个快捷键Jump to difinition（跳至定义处）: CTRL+=或者CTRL+左键单击关键词Lookup reference（查找引用）：CTRL+\ 搜索关键词步骤：第6行DECLARE_SPINLOCK是一个宏，要Lookup reference（查找引用）：#define DECLARE_MUTEX结果：Spinlock_types.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):#define DEFINE_SPINLOCK(x) spinlock_t x = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(x)包含：#define 第10行block_device_operations,Jump to difinition，跳到定义处怎么查看这个文件的路径呢？Project->Add and Remove Project Files...->右击被选中的文件->Copy List->Copy selected item(s)e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux\Blkdev.h包含：#include 第11行THIS_MODULE, 同样的，按住鼠标左键，单击这个词路径：e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux\Module.h包含：#include 第16行Jump to difinition: printk路径: e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux\Kernel.h包含：#include 第22行Jump to difinition: register_blkdev路径: e:\friendly2.6.32.2\block\Genhd.c包含：？？？出现问题了，文件并不在include目录或者子目录中，包含这个文件也没用，而我们用Jump to difinition也只能跳转到Genhd.c出现int register_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)这个时候就需要命令Lookup reference（查找引用）。并且搜索的词也是关键，我们需要搜索这个函数的声明，就需要尽量包含整个函数声明的语句。如int register_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)这整段话搜索的话，很可能不成功，因为包含了变量的名字major, name，不一定能匹配到。我们应该搜索如"register_blkdev(unsigned int"或者"register_blkdev("这样的关键字，那么就试一试吧。Fs.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):extern int register_blkdev(unsigned int, const char *);Genhd.c (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\block):int register_blkdev(unsigned int major, const char *name)找到了e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux\Fs.h那我们就包含#include 第25行Jump to difinition: alloc_disk路径: e:\friendly2.6.32.2\block\Genhd.c找到：struct gendisk *alloc_disk(int minors)Lookup reference关键字：alloc_disk(int结果：Genhd.c (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\block):struct gendisk *alloc_disk(int minors)Genhd.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):extern struct gendisk *alloc_disk(int minors);包含：#include 我们可以在这个文件里看看，应该和一般的硬盘操作有关的函数都在里面，可以找到set_capacity、add_disk、del_gendisk、put_disk第28行Jump to difinition: blk_init_queue路径: e:\friendly2.6.32.2\block\Blk-core.c找到：struct request_queue *blk_init_queue(request_fn_proc *rfn, spinlock_t *lock)Lookup reference关键字：blk_init_queue(request_fn_proc结果：Blk-core.c (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\block):struct request_queue *blk_init_queue(request_fn_proc *rfn, spinlock_t *lock)Blkdev.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):extern struct request_queue *blk_init_queue(request_fn_proc *, spinlock_t *);包含：#include ,这里还可以找到blk_cleanup_queuermbk_lock，第6行已解决第32行Jump to difinition: sprintf路径: e:\friendly2.6.32.2\lib\Vsprintf.c找到：int sprintf(char * buf, const char *fmt, ...)Lookup reference关键字：sprintf(char * buf结果：Kernel.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):extern int sprintf(char * buf, const char * fmt, ...)Vsprintf.c (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\lib):int sprintf(char * buf, const char *fmt, ...)包含：#include ，其实和printk在一个文件里面第32-36行上面已解决第38行set_capacity，第25行已解决第41行add_disk，第25行已解决第50行del_gendisk，第25行已解决第51行 error blk_cleanup_queue第52行put_disk，第25行已解决第53行unregister_blkdev，第28行已解决第58-59行Jump to difinition: module_init是找不到的，我们知道它是一个宏所以只能Lookup reference关键字：#define module_init结果：Init.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):#define module_init(x) __initcall(x);Init.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):#define module_init(initfn)包含：#include , module_exit也包含在里面第61行同样的只能Lookup reference关键字：MODULE_LICENSE结果：Module.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux):#define MODULE_LICENSE(_license) MODULE_INFO(license, _license)Nand_ecc.c (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\drivers\mtd\nand):#define MODULE_LICENSE(x) /* x */Pq.h (e:\friendly2.6.32.2\include\linux\raid):#define MODULE_LICENSE(licence)包含：#include 添加上头文件#include #include #include #include #include #include #include 再次编译，Finished！