OSPF 区域类型详细说明 / 各种区域类型中允许出现的 LSA

注：机翻，未校对。

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OSPF Area Types: Detailed Explanation

Introduction to OSPF Network

OSPF 网络简介

An OSPF network can be divided into sub-domains called *areas*. A router within an area must maintain a topological database for the area to which it belongs. Since the router will not have detailed topology information of routers in other areas, this would greatly reduce the size of database.
OSPF 网络可以划分为称为区域的子域。区域内的路由器必须维护其所属区域的拓扑数据库。由于路由器不会有其他区域路由器的详细拓扑信息，这将大大减小数据库的大小。

Areas limit the scope of route information distribution. The link-state database (LSDB) of routers within the same area must be synchronized and be exactly the same. The main benefit of creating areas is a reduction in the number of routes to propagate—by the filtering and the summarization of routes.
区域限制了路线信息分发的范围。同一区域内路由器的链路状态数据库 （LSDB） 必须同步并且完全相同。创建区域的主要好处是减少了要传播的路由数量 - 通过筛选和汇总路由。

Requirements of an OSPF Network

OSPF 网络的要求

Each OSPF network that is divided into different areas must follow these rules:
划分为不同区域的每个 OSPF 网络都必须遵循以下规则：

• A backbone area—which combines a set of independent areas into a single domain—must exist.
  必须存在主干区域，它将一组独立区域组合成一个域。
• Each non-backbone area must be directly connected to the backbone area (though this connection might be a simple logical connection through a virtual link)
  每个非主干区域都必须直接连接到主干区域（尽管此连接可能是通过虚拟链路的简单逻辑连接）
• The backbone area must not be partitioned—divided into smaller pieces—under any failure conditions, such as link or router down events.
  在任何故障情况下，例如链路或路由器关闭事件，不得对主干区域进行分区（分成较小的部分）。

## OSPF Area Types
OSPF 区域类型

OSPF Areas are created to control the movement of LSAs across the OSPF network. There are different OSPF Area types, namely –
创建 OSPF 区域是为了控制 LSA 在 OSPF 网络中的移动。有不同的 OSPF 区域类型，即 –

1. Standard / Normal Area 标准/普通区域

2. Backbone Area 骨干区

3. Stub Area 存根区域

4. Totally Stubby Area 完全末节区域

5. Not So Stubby Area (NSSA) 非完全末节区域 （NSSA）

Standard Area:

标准区域：

LSA Type 1 and 2 are sent between routers within an area and thus help prepare the Shortest Path tree for an area. The LSA Type 3 which shares internal routes and LSA Type 5 that shares external rout