基于Maven的Hibernate入门

1. Hibernate

Hibernate ORM enables developers to more easily write applications whose data outlives the application process. As an Object/Relational Mapping (ORM) framework, Hibernate is concerned with data persistence as it applies to relational databases (via JDBC).

Hibernate框架使开发人员能够轻松的编写java应用程序与数据库交互的开发。 Hibernate是一个开源，轻量级的ORM(对象关系映射)工具。ORM工具简化了数据创建，数据处理和数据访问。它是将对象映射到数据库中存储的数据(表)的编程技术。

更详细的请参考官网：http://hibernate.org/orm/

2. 用Maven实现Hibernate的实例

用maven的理由很简单，省得的每次都下载jar。如果想读源码，也非常非常easy！！！

废话不多说，来个栗子：

1）创建一个maven的project

2） 准备好目录结构

3）在pom.xml中添加hibernate和oracle的jar的依赖

       <dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.10</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Oracle Jdbc Driver -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
			<artifactId>ojdbc14</artifactId>
			<version>10.2.0.2.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Hibernate 配置 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.0.Final</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

4) 常见实体类com.angelia.hibernate.entity.MyUser

public class MyUser implements java.io.Serializable {

    private int userId;
    private String userName;
    private Date createdDate;

    public MyUser() {
    }

    public MyUser(int userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

	public MyUser(int userId, String userName, Date createdDate) {
		super();
		this.userId = userId;
		this.userName = userName;
		this.createdDate = createdDate;
	}

	public int getUserId() {
		return userId;
	}

	public void setUserId(int userId) {
		this.userId = userId;
	}

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public Date getCreatedDate() {
		return createdDate;
	}

	public void setCreatedDate(Date createdDate) {
		this.createdDate = createdDate;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "MyUser [userId=" + userId + ", userName=" + userName + ", createdDate=" + createdDate + "]";
	}
}

5) 创建Hibernate映射文件 MyUser.hbm.xml，以类的名字开始MyUser，hbm.xml结尾。

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.angelia.hibernate.entity.MyUser" table="db_user">
		<id name="userId" type="int">
			<column name="user_id"></column>
			<generator class="assigned"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="userName" type="string">
			<column name="user_name" length="20"></column>
		</property>

		<property name="createdDate" type="date">
			<column name="created_date" length="7"></column>
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

6）配置Hibernate描述文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.username">×××</property>
        <property name="connection.password">×××</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@IP:1521:SID</property>
        
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">false</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        
        <mapping resource="MyUser.hbm.xml" />
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

7) 实现HibernateUtil获取SessionFactory

public class HibernateUtil {
	private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();

	private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {
		try {
			// Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml
			return new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
		} catch (Throwable ex) {
			// Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowed
			System.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);
			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
		}
	}

	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		return sessionFactory;
	}

	public static void shutdown() {
		// Close caches and connection pools
		getSessionFactory().close();
	}

}

8）创建com.angelia.hibernate.dao.MyUserDao

public class MyUserDao {

    SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
    
    public void saveUser(MyUser user){
        Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        
        session.save(user);
        
        session.getTransaction().commit();
    }
    
    
    public MyUser getUserById(int id){
        Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        
        List<MyUser> users= session.createQuery("from MyUser where userId = ?").setParameter(0, id).list();
        
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        
        if(users!=null && users.size()>0){
            return users.get(0);
        }
        
        return null;
    }
}

9)创建测试类

public class TestDemo {
	
	@Test
	public void getUserById(){
		
		MyUserDao dao = new MyUserDao();
		
		MyUser user = new MyUser();
		 
                user.setUserId(1);
                user.setUserName("Angelia");
                user.setCreatedDate(new Date());
        
                dao.saveUser(user);
        
                MyUser user2 = dao.getUserById(user.getUserId());
                System.out.println(user2);
	}
}

10）执行测试类

INFO: HHH000262: Table not found: db_user
Hibernate: create table db_user (user_id number(10,0) not null, user_name varchar2(20 char), created_date date, primary key (user_id))
Hibernate: insert into db_user (user_name, created_date, user_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Nov 15, 2017 4:16:06 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.QueryTranslatorFactoryInitiator initiateService
INFO: HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Nov 15, 2017 4:16:15 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.HqlSqlWalker generatePositionalParameter
WARN: [DEPRECATION] Encountered positional parameter near line 1, column 57 in HQL: [from com.angelia.hibernate.entity.MyUser where userId = ?].  Positional parameter are considered deprecated; use named parameters or JPA-style positional parameters instead.
Hibernate: select myuser0_.user_id as user_id1_0_, myuser0_.user_name as user_name2_0_, myuser0_.created_date as created_date3_0_ from db_user myuser0_ where myuser0_.user_id=?
MyUser [userId=1, userName=Angelia, createdDate=2017-11-15]Hibernate: create table db_user (user_id number(10,0) not null, user_name varchar2(20 char), created_date date, primary key (user_id))
Hibernate: insert into db_user (user_name, created_date, user_id) values (?, ?, ?)
Nov 15, 2017 4:16:06 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.QueryTranslatorFactoryInitiator initiateService
INFO: HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Nov 15, 2017 4:16:15 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.HqlSqlWalker generatePositionalParameter
WARN: [DEPRECATION] Encountered positional parameter near line 1, column 57 in HQL: [from com.angelia.hibernate.entity.MyUser where userId = ?].  Positional parameter are considered deprecated; use named parameters or JPA-style positional parameters instead.
Hibernate: select myuser0_.user_id as user_id1_0_, myuser0_.user_name as user_name2_0_, myuser0_.created_date as created_date3_0_ from db_user myuser0_ where myuser0_.user_id=?
MyUser [userId=1, userName=Angelia, createdDate=2017-11-15]

11）最后的目录结构