Framework篇 - zygote 进程分析

本文源代码基于 Android 7.0。

Init 进程孵化出 Zygote 进程,Zygote 进程是 Android 系统的第一个 Java 进程 (即虚拟机进程),Zygote 是所有 Java 进程的父进程。

 

目录:

  1. 概述
  2. Zygote 的启动过程
  3. Java 层分析
  4. 总结

 

 

1. 概述

Zygote 是由 Init 进程通过解析 init.zygote.rc 文件而创建的,zygote 所对应的可执行程序 app_process,所对应的源文件是App_main.cpp,进程名为 zygote。

看看它的 rc 配置:

service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
    class main
    socket zygote stream 660 root system
    onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
    onrestart write /sys/power/state on
    onrestart restart media
    onrestart restart netd

Zygote 重启的场景有几个:

  • servicemanager 进程被杀 (onresart)。
  • surfaceflinger 进程被杀 (onresart)。
  • Zygote 进程自身被杀 (oneshot=false)。
  • system_server 进程被杀 (waitpid)。

Zygote 对应的入口代码 app_main.cpp 函数调用流程大致如下:

 

 

2. Zygote 的启动过程

/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp

 

  • 2.1 app_main.main()
// Zygote启动入口,app_main.cpp main函数
int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
    //...
    // 传到的参数argv为“-Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server”
    AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
    argc--;
    argv++;

    // --zygote : Start in zygote mode
    // --start-system-server : Start the system server.
    // --application : Start in application (stand alone, non zygote) mode.
    // --nice-name : The nice name for this process.
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
            break;
        }
        if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
            ++i; // Skip --.
            break;
        }
        runtime.addOption(strdup(argv[i]));
    }

    // 参数解析
    bool zygote = false;
    bool startSystemServer = false;
    bool application = false;
    String8 niceName;
    String8 className;

    ++i;  // Skip unused "parent dir" argument.
    while (i < argc) {
        const char* arg = argv[i++];
        if (strcmp(arg, "--zygote") == 0) {
            zygote = true;
            // 对于64位系统nice_name为zygote64; 32位系统为zygote
            niceName = ZYGOTE_NICE_NAME;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--start-system-server") == 0) {
            startSystemServer = true;
        } else if (strcmp(arg, "--application") == 0) {
            application = true;
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--nice-name=", 12) == 0) {
            niceName.setTo(arg + 12);
        } else if (strncmp(arg, "--", 2) != 0) {
            className.setTo(arg);
            break;
        } else {
            --i;
            break;
        }
    }

    Vector<String8> args;
    if (!className.isEmpty()) {
        // 运行application或tool程序
        args.add(application ? String8("application") : String8("tool"));
        runtime.setClassNameAndArgs(className, argc - i, argv + i);
    } else {
        // 进入zygote模式,创建 /data/dalvik-cache路径
        maybeCreateDalvikCache();

        if (startSystemServer) {
            args.add(String8("start-system-server"));
        }

        char prop[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
        if (property_get(ABI_LIST_PROPERTY, prop, NULL) == 0) {
            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: Unable to determine ABI list from property %s.",
                ABI_LIST_PROPERTY);
            return 11;
        }

        String8 abiFlag("--abi-list=");
        abiFlag.append(prop);
        args.add(abiFlag);

        // In zygote mode, pass all remaining arguments to the zygote
        // main() method.
        for (; i < argc; ++i) {
            args.add(String8(argv[i]));
        }
    }

    // 设置进程名
    if (!niceName.isEmpty()) {
        runtime.setArgv0(niceName.string());
        set_process_name(niceName.string());
    }

    if (zygote) {
        // 启动AppRuntime
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
    } else if (className) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
    } else {
        // 没有指定类名或zygote,参数错误
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied.\n");
        app_usage();
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
        return 10;
    }
}

我们以继续往下看,runtime 为 AppRuntime,继承于 AndroidRuntime:

    if (zygote) {
        // 启动AppRuntime
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
    } else if (className) {
        runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit", args, zygote);
    }

 

  • 2.2 AndroidRuntime.start()

/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp

// app_main.cpp -> main() -> AndroidRuntime.cpp -> start()
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
{
    static const String8 startSystemServer("start-system-server");

    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
        if (options[i] == startSystemServer) {
           const int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START = 3000;
           LOG_EVENT_LONG(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_START,  ns2ms(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC)));
        }
    }

    const char* rootDir = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
    if (rootDir == NULL) {
        rootDir = "/system";
        if (!hasDir("/system")) {
            LOG_FATAL("No root directory specified, and /android does not exist.");
            return;
        }
        setenv("ANDROID_ROOT", rootDir, 1);
    }

    /* start the virtual machine */
    JniInvocation jni_invocation;
    jni_invocation.Init(NULL);
    JNIEnv* env;
    // 启动虚拟机
    if (startVm(&mJavaVM, &env, zygote) != 0) {
        return;
    }
    onVmCreated(env);

     // 注册 jni 函数
    if (startReg(env) < 0) {
        ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
        return;
    }

    jclass stringClass;
    jobjectArray strArray;
    jstring classNameStr;

    stringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
    assert(stringClass != NULL);
    strArray = env->NewObjectArray(options.size() + 1, stringClass, NULL);
    assert(strArray != NULL);
    classNameStr = env->NewStringUTF(className);
    assert(classNameStr != NULL);
    env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, 0, classNameStr);

    // 其中xxx为系统响应的cpu架构类型,比如arm64-v8a.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); ++i) {
        jstring optionsStr = env->NewStringUTF(options.itemAt(i).string());
        assert(optionsStr != NULL);
        env->SetObjectArrayElement(strArray, i + 1, optionsStr);
    }

    // 将"com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit"转换为"com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit"
    // 反射调用ZygoteInit.java
    char* slashClassName = toSlashClassName(className);
    jclass startClass = env->FindClass(slashClassName);
    if (startClass == NULL) {
        ALOGE("JavaVM unable to locate class '%s'\n", slashClassName);
        /* keep going */
    } else {
        jmethodID startMeth = env->GetStaticMethodID(startClass, "main",
            "([Ljava/lang/String;)V");
        if (startMeth == NULL) {
            ALOGE("JavaVM unable to find main() in '%s'\n", className);
            /* keep going */
        } else {
            env->CallStaticVoidMethod(startClass, startMeth, strArray);

#if 0
            if (env->ExceptionCheck())
                threadExitUncaughtException(env);
#endif
        }
    }
    // 释放相应对象的内存空间
    free(slashClassName);

    ALOGD("Shutting down VM\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DetachCurrentThread() != JNI_OK)
        ALOGW("Warning: unable to detach main thread\n");
    if (mJavaVM->DestroyJavaVM() != 0)
        ALOGW("Warning: VM did not shut down cleanly\n");
}

主要工作包括:

  • 启动虚拟机。
  • 注册 JNI 函数。
  • 反射调用 ZygoteInit.java。

 

  • 2.3 AndroidRuntime.startVm()

/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp

// 启动虚拟机,创建Java虚拟机方法的主要篇幅是关于虚拟机参数的设置,下面只列举部分在调试优化过程中常用参数。
int AndroidRuntime::startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv, bool zygote)
{
    JavaVMInitArgs initArgs;
    char propBuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char stackTraceFileBuf[sizeof("-Xstacktracefile:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    char jniOptsBuf[sizeof("-Xjniopts:")-1 + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
    // ...
    // JNI检测功能,用于native层调用jni函数时进行常规检测,比较弱字符串格式是否符合要求,资源是否正确释放。
    // 该功能一般用于早期系统调试或手机Eng版,对于User版往往不会开启,引用该功能比较消耗系统CPU资源,降低系统性能。
    bool checkJni = false;
    property_get("dalvik.vm.checkjni", propBuf, "");
    // ...
    /*
     * The default starting and maximum size of the heap.  Larger
     * values should be specified in a product property override.
     */
    // 对于不同的软硬件环境,这些参数往往需要调整、优化,从而使系统达到最佳性能
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapstartsize", heapstartsizeOptsBuf, "-Xms", "4m");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapsize", heapsizeOptsBuf, "-Xmx", "16m");

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapgrowthlimit", heapgrowthlimitOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapGrowthLimit=");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapminfree", heapminfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMinFree=");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heapmaxfree", heapmaxfreeOptsBuf, "-XX:HeapMaxFree=");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization",
                       heaptargetutilizationOptsBuf,
                       "-XX:HeapTargetUtilization=");

    /*
     * JIT related options.
     */
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.usejit", usejitOptsBuf, "-Xusejit:");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitmaxsize", jitmaxsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitmaxsize:");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitinitialsize", jitinitialsizeOptsBuf, "-Xjitinitialsize:");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitthreshold", jitthresholdOptsBuf, "-Xjitthreshold:");
    property_get("dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles", useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(useJitProfilesOptsBuf, "true") == 0) {
        addOption("-Xjitsaveprofilinginfo");
    }

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jitprithreadweight",
                       jitprithreadweightOptBuf,
                       "-Xjitprithreadweight:");

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.jittransitionweight",
                       jittransitionweightOptBuf,
                       "-Xjittransitionweight:");

    property_get("ro.config.low_ram", propBuf, "");
    if (strcmp(propBuf, "true") == 0) {
      addOption("-XX:LowMemoryMode");
    }

    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.gctype", gctypeOptsBuf, "-Xgc:");
    parseRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.backgroundgctype", backgroundgcOptsBuf, "-XX:BackgroundGC=");

    // preloaded-classes文件内容是由WritePreloadedClassFile.java生成的,
    // 在ZygoteInit类中会预加载工作将其中的classes提前加载到内存,以提高系统性能
    if (!hasFile("/system/etc/preloaded-classes")) {
        ALOGE("Missing preloaded-classes file, /system/etc/preloaded-classes not found: %s\n",
              strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }
    addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
    addOption("--image-classes=/system/etc/preloaded-classes");

    // If there is a compiled-classes file, push it.
    if (hasFile("/system/etc/compiled-classes")) {
        addOption("-Ximage-compiler-option");
        addOption("--compiled-classes=/system/etc/compiled-classes");
    }

    property_get("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-flags", dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "");
    parseExtraOpts(dex2oatImageFlagsBuf, "-Ximage-compiler-option");

    // Extra options for DexClassLoader.
    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xms", dex2oatXmsFlagsBuf,
                               "-Xms", "-Xcompiler-option");
    parseCompilerRuntimeOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-Xmx", dex2oatXmxFlagsBuf,
                               "-Xmx", "-Xcompiler-option");
    if (skip_compilation) {
        addOption("-Xcompiler-option");
        addOption("--compiler-filter=verify-none");

        // We skip compilation when a minimal runtime is brought up for decryption. In that case
        // /data is temporarily backed by a tmpfs, which is usually small.
        // If the system image contains prebuilts, they will be relocated into the tmpfs. In this
        // specific situation it is acceptable to *not* relocate and run out of the prebuilts
        // directly instead.
        addOption("--runtime-arg");
        addOption("-Xnorelocate");
    } else {
        parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-filter", dex2oatCompilerFilterBuf,
                            "--compiler-filter=", "-Xcompiler-option");
    }
    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsBuf, "-j", "-Xcompiler-option");
    parseCompilerOption("dalvik.vm.image-dex2oat-threads", dex2oatThreadsImageBuf, "-j",
                        "-Ximage-compiler-option");
    // ...
    /*
     * Retrieve the build fingerprint and provide it to the runtime. That way, ANR dumps will
     * contain the fingerprint and can be parsed.
     */
    parseRuntimeOption("ro.build.fingerprint", fingerprintBuf, "-Xfingerprint:");

    initArgs.version = JNI_VERSION_1_4;
    initArgs.options = mOptions.editArray();
    initArgs.nOptions = mOptions.size();
    initArgs.ignoreUnrecognized = JNI_FALSE;

    // 初始化虚拟机
    if (JNI_CreateJavaVM(pJavaVM, pEnv, &initArgs) < 0) {
        ALOGE("JNI_CreateJavaVM failed\n");
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

删减了一些代码,主要是虚拟机参数的设置,然后创建。

 

  • 2.4 AndroidRuntime.startReg()

/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp

// 注册所有的android natvie 方法
int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{
    ATRACE_NAME("RegisterAndroidNatives");
   
    androidSetCreateThreadFunc((android_create_thread_fn) javaCreateThreadEtc);

    ALOGV("--- registering native functions ---\n");

    env->PushLocalFrame(200);
    // 注册JNI方法,其中gRegJNI是一个数组,记录所有需要注册的jni方法,其中有一项便是REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
    if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
        env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
        return -1;
    }
    env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);

    //createJavaThread("fubar", quickTest, (void*) "hello");
    return 0;
}

 注册所有的 android natvie 方法。

static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemClock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_EventLog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_Log),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_MemoryIntArray),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_PathParser),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_admin_SecurityLog),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_AssetManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_StringBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_XmlBlock),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidCharacter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_StaticLayout),
    REG_JNI(register_android_text_AndroidBidi),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyCharacterMap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Process),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SystemProperties),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Parcel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_nio_utils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Canvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Graphics),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayEventReceiver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNode),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_RenderNodeAnimator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_GraphicBuffer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_DisplayListCanvas),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_HardwareLayer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_ThreadedRenderer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_Surface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceControl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_SurfaceSession),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_TextureView),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_view_animation_NativeInterpolatorFactoryHelper),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_EGLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_com_google_android_gles_jni_GLImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGL14),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_EGLExt),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES10Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES11Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES20),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES30),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES31Ext),
    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_jni_GLES32),

    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Bitmap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_BitmapRegionDecoder),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CreateJavaOutputStreamAdaptor),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_CanvasProperty),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_ColorFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_DrawFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_FontFamily),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Interpolator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_LayerRasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_MaskFilter),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Matrix),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Movie),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_NinePatch),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Paint),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Path),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathMeasure),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PathEffect),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Picture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_PorterDuff),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Rasterizer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Region),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Shader),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_SurfaceTexture),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Typeface),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_Xfermode),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_YuvImage),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_AnimatedVectorDrawable),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_drawable_VectorDrawable),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfDocument),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfEditor),
    REG_JNI(register_android_graphics_pdf_PdfRenderer),

    REG_JNI(register_android_database_CursorWindow),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteConnection),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteGlobal),
    REG_JNI(register_android_database_SQLiteDebug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Debug),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_FileObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MessageQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_SELinux),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_Trace),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_UEventObserver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_LocalSocketImpl),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_NetworkUtils),
    REG_JNI(register_android_net_TrafficStats),
    REG_JNI(register_android_os_MemoryFile),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_PathClassLoaderFactory),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_util_VirtualRefBasePtr),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Camera),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_CameraMetadata),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_LegacyCameraDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_legacy_PerfMeasurement),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_camera2_DngCreator),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_Radio),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SensorManager),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SerialPort),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_SoundTrigger),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDevice),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbDeviceConnection),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_UsbRequest),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ActivityRecognitionHardware),
    REG_JNI(register_android_hardware_location_ContextHubService),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioRecord),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioSystem),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_AudioTrack),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_JetPlayer),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_RemoteDisplay),
    REG_JNI(register_android_media_ToneGenerator),

    REG_JNI(register_android_opengl_classes),
    REG_JNI(register_android_server_NetworkManagementSocketTagger),
    REG_JNI(register_android_ddm_DdmHandleNativeHeap),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataInput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupDataOutput),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_FileBackupHelperBase),
    REG_JNI(register_android_backup_BackupHelperDispatcher),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_backup_FullBackup),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_Activity),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ActivityThread),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_ApplicationLoaders),
    REG_JNI(register_android_app_NativeActivity),
    REG_JNI(register_android_util_jar_StrictJarFile),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputChannel),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventReceiver),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputEventSender),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_InputQueue),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_KeyEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_MotionEvent),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_PointerIcon),
    REG_JNI(register_android_view_VelocityTracker),

    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_ObbScanner),
    REG_JNI(register_android_content_res_Configuration),

    REG_JNI(register_android_animation_PropertyValuesHolder),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_content_NativeLibraryHelper),
    REG_JNI(register_com_android_internal_net_NetworkStatsFactory),

};

 

 

3. Java 层分析

app_main.main() 中最后会反射调用 ZygoteInit.java,接下来就开始进入 Java 层了。

/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java

 

  • 3.1 ZygoteInit.main()
    /**
     * 执行Zygote进程的初始化, 对于类加载,采用反射机制 Class.forName() 方法来加载。
     * 对于资源加载,主要是 com.android.internal.R.array.preloaded_drawables和com.android.internal.R.array.preloaded_color_state_lists,
     * 在应用程序中以com.android.internal.R.xxx开头的资源,便是此时由Zygote加载到内存的。
     *
     * zygote进程内加载了preload()方法中的所有资源,当需要fork新进程时,采用copy on write技术。
     *
     * @param argv
     */
    public static void main(String argv[]) {
        ZygoteHooks.startZygoteNoThreadCreation();

        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "ZygoteInit");
            // 开启DDMS功能
            RuntimeInit.enableDdms();
            SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();

            boolean startSystemServer = false;
            String socketName = "zygote";
            String abiList = null;
            for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
                if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
                    startSystemServer = true;
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
                    abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
                } else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
                    socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
                } else {
                    throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
                }
            }

            if (abiList == null) {
                throw new RuntimeException("No ABI list supplied.");
            }
            // 为Zygote注册socket
            registerZygoteSocket(socketName);
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "ZygotePreload");
            EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
                SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
            // 预加载类和资源
            preload();
            EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
                SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);

            // Finish profiling the zygote initialization.
            SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeZygoteSnapshot();

            // Do an initial gc to clean up after startup
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PostZygoteInitGC");
            // GC操作
            gcAndFinalize();
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);

            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);

            // Disable tracing so that forked processes do not inherit stale tracing tags from
            // Zygote.
            Trace.setTracingEnabled(false);

            // Zygote process unmounts root storage spaces.
            Zygote.nativeUnmountStorageOnInit();

            ZygoteHooks.stopZygoteNoThreadCreation();

            if (startSystemServer) {
                // 启动system_server进程
                startSystemServer(abiList, socketName);
            }

            Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
            // 进入循环模式
            runSelectLoop(abiList);

            closeServerSocket();
        } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
            caller.run(); // 启动system_server中会讲到
        } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex);
            closeServerSocket();
            throw ex;
        }
    }

主要包括以下几个工作:

  • 开启 DDMS 功能。
  • 为 Zygote 注册 socket。
  • 预加载类。
  • 预加载资源。
  • 启动 system_server 进程。
  • 进入循环模式。

 

  • 3.2 ZygoteInit.registerZygoteSocket()
    // 为zygote注册socket
    private static void registerZygoteSocket(String socketName) {
        if (sServerSocket == null) {
            int fileDesc;
            final String fullSocketName = ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX + socketName;
            try {
                String env = System.getenv(fullSocketName);
                fileDesc = Integer.parseInt(env);
            } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(fullSocketName + " unset or invalid", ex);
            }

            try {
                FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
                // 设置文件描述符
                fd.setInt$(fileDesc);
                // 创建Socket的本地服务端
                sServerSocket = new LocalServerSocket(fd);
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(
                        "Error binding to local socket '" + fileDesc + "'", ex);
            }
        }
    }

 

  • 3.3 ZygoteInit.preload()
    // 预加载
    static void preload() {
        Log.d(TAG, "begin preload");
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "BeginIcuCachePinning");
        beginIcuCachePinning();
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PreloadClasses");
        // 预加载位于/system/etc/preloaded-classes文件中的类
        preloadClasses();
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PreloadResources");
        // 预加载资源,包含drawable和color资源
        preloadResources();
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK, "PreloadOpenGL");
        // 预加载OpenGL
        preloadOpenGL();
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_DALVIK);
        // 通过System.loadLibrary()方法,
        // 预加载"android","compiler_rt","jnigraphics"这3个共享库
        preloadSharedLibraries();
        // 预加载 文本连接符资源
        preloadTextResources();
        // Ask the WebViewFactory to do any initialization that must run in the zygote process,
        // for memory sharing purposes.
        // 仅用于zygote进程,用于内存共享的进程
        WebViewFactory.prepareWebViewInZygote();
        endIcuCachePinning();
        warmUpJcaProviders();
        Log.d(TAG, "end preload");
    }

 

  • 3.4 ZygoteInit.startSystemServer()
/**
     * 启动SystemServer进程
     *
     * 准备参数并fork新进程,从上面可以看出system server进程参数信息为uid=1000,gid=1000,进程名为sytem_server,
     * 从zygote进程fork新进程后,需要关闭zygote原有的socket。另外,对于有两个zygote进程情况,需等待第2个zygote创建完成。
     *
     * @param abiList
     * @param socketName
     * @return
     * @throws MethodAndArgsCaller
     * @throws RuntimeException
     */
    private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
            throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
        long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits(
            OsConstants.CAP_IPC_LOCK,
            OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
            OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_RESOURCE,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
        );
        /* Containers run without this capability, so avoid setting it in that case */
        if (!SystemProperties.getBoolean(PROPERTY_RUNNING_IN_CONTAINER, false)) {
            capabilities |= posixCapabilitiesAsBits(OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND);
        }

        // 参数准备
        String args[] = {
            "--setuid=1000",
            "--setgid=1000",
            "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1032,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
            "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
            "--nice-name=system_server",
            "--runtime-args",
            "com.android.server.SystemServer",
        };
        ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;

        int pid;

        try {
            // 用于解析参数,生成目标格式,使用socket fork
            parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
            ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
            ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);

            // fork子进程,用于运行system_server
            pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
                    parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
                    parsedArgs.gids,
                    parsedArgs.debugFlags,
                    null,
                    parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
                    parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }

        //进入子进程system_server
        if (pid == 0) {
            if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
                waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
            }
            // 完成system_server进程剩余的工作
            handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
        }

        return true;
    }

fork 子进程,运行 system_server。

 

  • 3.5 ZygoteInit.runSelectLoop()
// Zygote采用高效的I/O多路复用机制,保证在没有客户端连接请求或数据处理时休眠,否则响应客户端的请求。
    private static void runSelectLoop(String abiList) throws MethodAndArgsCaller {
        ArrayList<FileDescriptor> fds = new ArrayList<FileDescriptor>();
        ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList<ZygoteConnection>();

        // sServerSocket是socket通信中的服务端,即zygote进程。保存到fds[0]
        fds.add(sServerSocket.getFileDescriptor());
        peers.add(null);

        while (true) {
            StructPollfd[] pollFds = new StructPollfd[fds.size()];
            for (int i = 0; i < pollFds.length; ++i) {
                pollFds[i] = new StructPollfd();
                pollFds[i].fd = fds.get(i);
                pollFds[i].events = (short) POLLIN;
            }
            try {
                // 处理轮询状态,当pollFds有事件到来则往下执行,否则阻塞在这里
                Os.poll(pollFds, -1);
            } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException("poll failed", ex);
            }
            for (int i = pollFds.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
                // 采用I/O多路复用机制,当接收到客户端发出连接请求 或者数据处理请求到来,则往下执行;
                // 否则进入continue,跳出本次循环。
                if ((pollFds[i].revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (i == 0) {
                    // 即fds[0],代表的是sServerSocket,则意味着有客户端连接请求;
                    // 则创建ZygoteConnection对象,并添加到fds。
                    ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
                    peers.add(newPeer);
                    fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
                } else {
                    // i>0,则代表通过socket接收来自对端的数据,并执行相应操作
                    boolean done = peers.get(i).runOnce();
                    if (done) {
                        peers.remove(i);
                        // 处理完则从fds中移除该文件描述符
                        fds.remove(i);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

Zygote 采用高效的 I/O 多路复用机制,保证在没有客户端连接请求或数据处理时休眠,否则响应客户端的请求。

 

 

4. 总结

  • 解析 init.zygote.rc 中的参数,创建 AppRuntime 并调用 AppRuntime.start() 方法。
  • 调用 AndroidRuntime 的 startVM() 方法创建虚拟机,再调用 startReg() 注册 JNI 函数。
  • 通过 JNI 方式调用 ZygoteInit.main(),第一次进入Java世界。
  • registerZygoteSocket() 建立 socket 通道,zygote 作为通信的服务端,用于响应客户端请求。
  • preload() 预加载通用类、drawable 和 color 资源、openGL 以及共享库以及 WebView,用于提高 app 启动效率。
  • zygote 完毕大部分工作,接下来再通过 startSystemServer(),fork 得力帮手 system_server 进程,也是上层 framework 的运行载体。
  • zygote 功成身退,调用 runSelectLoop(),随时待命,当接收到请求创建新进程请求时立即唤醒并执行相应工作。
  • 最后,介绍给通过 cmd 命令,来 fork 新进程来执行类中 main 方法的方式:(启动后进入 RuntimeInit.main)。
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