学习路线
- Docker概述
- Docker安装
- Docker命令
- 镜像命令
- 容器命令
- 操作命令
- …
- Docker镜像
- 容器数据卷
- DockerFile
- Docker网络原理
- IDEA整合Docker
- Docker Compose
- Docker Swarm
- CI\CD jenkins
Docker概述
官网:https://www.docker.com/
仓库地址:https://hub.docker.com/
概述:Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中,然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上,也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。
Docker 架构:Docker 使用客户端-服务器 (C/S) 架构模式,使用远程API来管理和创建Docker容器。Docker 容器通过 Docker 镜像来创建。容器与镜像的关系类似于面向对象编程中的对象与类。
Docker | 面向对象 |
---|---|
容器 | 对象 |
镜像 | 类 |
特性:在docker的网站上提到了docker的典型场景:
- Automating the packaging and deployment of applications(使应用的打包与部署自动化)
- Creation of lightweight, private PAAS environments(创建轻量、私密的PAAS环境)
- Automated testing and continuous integration/deployment(实现自动化测试和持续的集成/部署)
- Deploying and scaling web apps, databases and backend services(部署与扩展webapp、数据库和后台服务)
Docker安装
Docker组成
- 镜像(image):docker镜像好比一个模板,可以通过镜像来创建容器服务,tomcat镜像 = = =>run = = =>tomcat01容器,通过镜像可以创建多个容器
- 容器(container):docker通过容器技术,独立运行一个或一组应用,一个容器可以理解为简易的Linux系统
- 仓库(repository):存放镜像的地方,有国外官方仓库,国内阿里云,网易云等仓库
安装
安装环境
centos 7
#系统内核
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.12.1.el7.x86_64
#系统版本
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
安装
#查看官方文档安装教程
#1.卸载旧版本
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
#2.需要的安装包
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
#3. 设置镜像仓库
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #国外仓库
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #阿里云地址
#4. 更新软件包索引
yum makecache fast
#5. 安装docker相关内容 docker-ce 社区版
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
#6. 启动docker
systemctl start docker
#7. 运行hello world
docker run hello-world
#8. 查看镜像
docker images
卸载
#卸载依赖,删除资源
sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
配置阿里云镜像服务
- 选择镜像服务
- 镜像加速器
- 配置镜像服务
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://1lbytns2.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
回顾helloworld流程
具体流程
简单了解底层原理
Docker是一个client-server结构,Docker的守护进程运行在主机上,客户端通过socket进行访问,Docker-server接收到Docker-client的命令,然后执行这个命令
Docker常用命令
官方文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/
帮助命令
docker version #查看版本
docker info #查看详细信息
docker -- help #帮助命令
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 6 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像标签
IMAGE ID 镜像id
CREATED 创建时间
SIZE 镜像大小
#可选项
-a, --all 显示所有本地镜像
-q, --quiet 只显示镜像id
docker search搜索命令
docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9716 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3539 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 708 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 77
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 72
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 61 [OK]
bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 44 [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database se… 35
schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup… 30 [OK]
prom/mysqld-exporter 28 [OK]
databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 26
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 25
centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 19
circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 19
mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 16
arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 14 [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas… 7 [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image… 6
genschsa/mysql-employees MySQL Employee Sample Database 5 [OK]
devilbox/mysql Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici… 3
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 2 [OK]
jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server mainta… 1
widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl… 0 [OK]
monasca/mysql-init A minimal decoupled init container for mysql 0
#可选项
--filter=STARS=3000 #搜索结果为stars大于3000的结果
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9716 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3539 [OK]
docker pull下载命令
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #默认下载最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql #分成下载,当下载其他版本时,如果已有,只需下载不同层即可
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 #签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Already exists
d51ce1c2e575: Already exists
c2344adc4858: Already exists
fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists
16da0c38dc5b: Already exists
b905d1797e97: Already exists
4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists
d85174a87144: Pull complete
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi删除命令
#根据id删除镜像
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Deleted: sha256:9cfcce23593a93135ca6dbf3ed544d1db9324d4c40b5c0d56958165bfaa2d46a
Deleted: sha256:98de3e212919056def8c639045293658f6e6022794807d4b0126945ddc8324be
Deleted: sha256:17e8b88858e400f8c5e10e7cb3fbab9477f6d8aacba03b8167d34a91dbe4d8c1
Deleted: sha256:c04c087c2af9abd64ba32fe89d65e6d83da514758923de5da154541cc01a3a1e
Deleted: sha256:ab8bf065b402b99aec4f12c648535ef1b8dc954b4e1773bdffa10ae2027d3e00
#删除全部镜像
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #嵌套命令,循环删除查到的id
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6
Deleted: sha256:be0dbf01a0f3f46fc8c88b67696e74e7005c3e16d9071032fa0cd89773771576
Deleted: sha256:086d66e8d1cb0d52e9337eabb11fb9b95960e2e1628d90100c62ea5e8bf72306
Deleted: sha256:f37c61ee1973b18c285d0d5fcf02da4bcdb1f3920981499d2a20b2858500a110
Deleted: sha256:e40b8bca7dc63fc8d188a412328e56caf179022f5e5d5b323aae57d233fb1069
Deleted: sha256:339f6b96b27eb035cbedc510adad2560132925a835f0afddbcc1d311c961c14b
Deleted: sha256:d38b06cdb26a5c98857ddbc6ef531d3f57b00e325c0c314600b712efc7ff6ab0
Deleted: sha256:09687cd9cdf4c704fde969fdba370c2d848bc614689712bef1a31d0d581f2007
Deleted: sha256:b704a4a65bf536f82e5d8b86e633d19185e26313de8380162e778feb2852011a
Deleted: sha256:c37206160543786228aa0cce738e85343173851faa44bb4dc07dc9b7dc4ff1c1
Deleted: sha256:12912c9ec523f648130e663d9d4f0a47c1841a0064d4152bcf7b2a97f96326eb
Deleted: sha256:57d29ad88aa49f0f439592755722e70710501b366e2be6125c95accc43464844
Deleted: sha256:b17c024283d0302615c6f0c825137da9db607d49a83d2215a79733afbbaeb7c3
Deleted: sha256:13cb14c2acd34e45446a50af25cb05095a17624678dbafbcc9e26086547c1d74
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
容器命令
说明:拥有镜像才能创建容器, 下载centos镜像进行学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
#参数说明
--name="Name" #给容器起名字,用来区分容器
-d #后台方式运行
-it #交互方式运行,进入容器并查看内容
-p #指定容器端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P #随机指定端口
#测试,启动并进入容器
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
#退出容器
exit
列出运行的容器
docker ps [参数]
#列出正在运行的容器
-a #列出正在运行的容器和以前运行过的容器
-n=? #列出最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
452490d74d87 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago centos
ea4f003c584b bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago magical_ishizaka
退出容器
exit #容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q #容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm [id] #删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器,强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器
docker -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
启动和停止容器
docker start id #根据id启动容器
docker restart id #重启容器
docker stop id #停止正在运行的容器
docker kill id #强制停止容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
#docker run -d 镜像名
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker run -d centos
#使用docker ps 时发现容器已经停止
#常见问题:docker使用后台命令运行时必须要有一个前台的进程,否则会直接停止运行
查看日志
docker log -t -f --tail n 容器id
-tf #显示日志
--tail 10 #显示最近十条日志
查看容器中的进程id
#使用docker top id 命令
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker top b549ffaec1c6
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 21644 21628 0 13:36 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
查看容器元数据
#命令
docker inspect 容器id
#测试
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker inspect b549ffaec1c6
[
{
"Id": "b549ffaec1c6b92eede9646ea1fbcf50893547b15d23401b4602891e3645fdef",
"Created": "2020-07-09T05:36:23.554869457Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 21644,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-07-09T05:36:23.823569903Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b549ffaec1c6b92eede9646ea1fbcf50893547b15d23401b4602891e3645fdef/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b549ffaec1c6b92eede9646ea1fbcf50893547b15d23401b4602891e3645fdef/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b549ffaec1c6b92eede9646ea1fbcf50893547b15d23401b4602891e3645fdef/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b549ffaec1c6b92eede9646ea1fbcf50893547b15d23401b4602891e3645fdef/b549ffaec1c6b92eede9646ea1fbcf50893547b15d23401b4602891e3645fdef-json.log",
"Name": "/unruffled_maxwell",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae20266c5806265ca5ce4660f4f9be7187c83973b7a863c73983f74a8dc82469-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8e4ecb9d45689f476811ef9affc9e659e98df9f4d1b3c6ea7cd360e302c90a5f/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae20266c5806265ca5ce4660f4f9be7187c83973b7a863c73983f74a8dc82469/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae20266c5806265ca5ce4660f4f9be7187c83973b7a863c73983f74a8dc82469/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ae20266c5806265ca5ce4660f4f9be7187c83973b7a863c73983f74a8dc82469/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "b549ffaec1c6",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "aab84c88c14242e635070384c1db9963d5004a5620ab62b2ecd8f41e983c0f5e",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/aab84c88c142",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "13a3f4fce7ce0702292322dddbcb34d02346ab04eb2b283a9c01cf6a7a3a074d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "7e5b2369bebfe1f7354a4bc2a76488b48f0e311bdb542c9f157d472b011872f7",
"EndpointID": "13a3f4fce7ce0702292322dddbcb34d02346ab04eb2b283a9c01cf6a7a3a074d",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入正在运行的容器
#进入后台运行的容器,修改一些配置
#方式一
#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
#测试
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b549ffaec1c6 centos "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes unruffled_maxwell
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]#
[root@b549ffaec1c6 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@b549ffaec1c6 /]#
#方式二
#命令
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b549ffaec1c6 centos "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes unruffled_maxwell
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker attach b549ffaec1c6
[root@b549ffaec1c6 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#区别
# docker exec 进入容器后打开一个新的终端,进行操作
# docker attach 进入容器后打开正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
从容器拷贝文件到主机
#命令
docker cp 容器id:容器路径 主机保存路径
#测试
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
b549ffaec1c6 centos "/bin/bash" 38 minutes ago Up 19 seconds unruffled_maxwell
#进入容器
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker attach b549ffaec1c6
[root@b549ffaec1c6 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@b549ffaec1c6 /]# cd home/
#在容器home目录下创建test.java文件
[root@b549ffaec1c6 home]# touch test.java
[root@b549ffaec1c6 home]# ls
test.java
[root@b549ffaec1c6 home]# exit
exit
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# ls
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# cd /
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 /]# ls
bin boot CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent CloudrResetPwdAgent dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#将容器中的test.java文件拷贝到主机home目录下
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 /]# docker cp b549ffaec1c6:/home/test.java /home
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 /]# ls
bin boot CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent CloudrResetPwdAgent dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 /]# cd home/
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# ls
test.java
练习
部署nginx
#1.查找nginx镜像
#2.下载镜像
#3.启动镜像
#演示
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker search nginx --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 13449 [OK]
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete
8d69e59170f7: Pull complete
3f9f1ec1d262: Pull complete
d1f5ff4f210d: Pull complete
1e22bfa8652e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:21f32f6c08406306d822a0e6e8b7dc81f53f336570e852e25fbe1e3e3d0d0133
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 831691599b88 3 weeks ago 215MB
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 8080:80 nginx
3227313aa1b8b5faeefc260d6c815647087b41330e72807e633cbb7a21e9311a
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3227313aa1b8 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx01
注意:在部署内存消耗较高的应用时,可加参数 -e 来限制消耗的内存大小
Docker镜像
Docker 镜像是什么
镜像是一种轻量级,可执行的独立软件包,用来打包软件运行环境和基于运行环境开发的软件,它包含运行某个软件所需要的所有内容,包括代码,运行时库,环境变量和配置文件
Docker镜像加载原理
联合文件系统
UnionFs(联合文件系统)是一种分层的,轻量级并且高效的文件系统,它支持对文件的修改作为一次提交来一层层叠加,同时可以将不同目录挂载到统一虚拟文件系统下,联合文件系统是Docker镜像的基础,镜像可以通过分层来继承,基于基础镜像,可以来制作各种具体的应用镜像。
特性:一次性同时加载多个文件系统,但从外面看起来,只能看到一个系统,联合加载会把各层文件叠加起来,这样最终文件系统会包含所有底层的文件和目录
Docker镜像加载原理
docker镜像实际上是由一层一层的文件系统组成,这种文件系统就是联合文件系统
bootfs主要包含boot loader和kernel,boot loader主要引导加载kernel,Linux系统刚启动时会加载bootfs文件系统。在Docker镜像的最底层是bootfs,这一层与Linux/Unix系统是一样的,包含boot加载器和内核,当boot加载完成之后,整个内核就在内存中了,此时内存的使用权也有bootfs转交给内核,此时系统也会卸载bootfs。
rootfs(root file system ),在bootfs之上,包含Linux系统中的 /dev,/proc,/bin,/etc等标准目录和文件,rootfs就是各种不同操作系统的发行版,比如Ubuntu,centos等
对于一个精简的系统,rootfs可以很小,只需要包含最基本的命令,工具和程序即可,因为底层可以直接使用host的kernel,自己只需要提供rootfs即可。
分层理解
在使用docker pull 下载镜像时,可以看出是分层下载的,用这种方式最大的好处是资源共享,比如多个镜像从相同的Base镜像构建而来,那么宿主机只需在磁盘上保留一份base镜像即可,同时内存中也只需要加载一份base镜像,这样就可以为所有容器服务,镜像的每一层都可以被共享
**理解:**所有的docker镜像都起始于一个基础镜像,当进行修改和增加新的内容时,就在当前镜像层上创建新的镜像层
**特点:**docker镜像都是只读的,当容器启动时,一个新的可写层被加载到镜像层的顶部,这一层就是我们所说的容器层,容器层之下都称之为镜像层。
commit镜像
docker commit 提交容器成为新的镜像
docker commit -m="描述信息" -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名[TAG]
#测试
#启动默认tomcat,发现webapps下没有文件,修改后,将容器commit成文新的镜像
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f942d7f29ea6 tomcat "catalina.sh run" About an hour ago Up 58 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp tomcat01
eac6de5b8b7a portainer/portainer "/portainer" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp portainer
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker commit -m="添加 webapps文件夹内容" -a="shangjinghui" f942d7f29ea6 tomcat02:1.0
sha256:5d54a074f73947f411dbb72b355495268cee8a82a81097b42dbe1e20a8ca3d2b
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat02 1.0 5d54a074f739 11 seconds ago 652MB
tomcat latest 6055d4d564e1 2 days ago 647MB
centos latest 831691599b88 3 weeks ago 215MB
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
portainer/portainer latest cd645f5a4769 5 weeks ago 79.1MB
如果想要保存当前容器的状态,可以使用commit来提交容器,将其保存为一个镜像,下次使用时,直接启动镜像就可以了。
容器数据卷
什么是容器数据卷
docker理念回顾
将应用和环境打包成一个镜像
如果数据都在容器中,我们删除容器,数据就丢失了。需求:数据可以持久化
在容器之间有一个数据共享的技术,docker容器中产生的数据可以同步到本地,这就是卷技术,就是目录的挂在,将容器中的目录挂载到Linux本地
总结:使用容器数据卷就是为了数据的持久化和同步操作
使用数据卷
方式一:使用 -v参数
#命令
docker run -v 主机目录:容器目录
#测试
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker run -it -v /home/test:/home --name="centos01" centos /bin/bash
#可以使用docker inspect 容器id查看绑定情况
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 test]# docker inspect centos01
实践:Mysql持久化
#Mysql挂载目录测试
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Already exists
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete
c2344adc4858: Pull complete
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete
b905d1797e97: Pull complete
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete
d85174a87144: Pull complete
a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete
f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete
3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat02 1.0 5d54a074f739 About an hour ago 652MB
tomcat latest 6055d4d564e1 2 days ago 647MB
centos latest 831691599b88 3 weeks ago 215MB
nginx latest 2622e6cca7eb 4 weeks ago 132MB
mysql 5.7 9cfcce23593a 4 weeks ago 448MB
portainer/portainer latest cd645f5a4769 5 weeks ago 79.1MB
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 home]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
0bbc0652111ba8c21c0e41af92c4d02f9d07fe732da25b991f75a6023764ab3c
#-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 设置root密码
具名挂载和匿名挂载
#匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径
docker run -d -p 8081:80 --name nginx01 -v /ect/nginx nginx
#查看所有卷的使用情况
docker volume list
#发现匿名挂载只写了容器内路径,没写容器外路径
#具名挂载
docker run -d -p 8082:80 --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/ect/nginx nginx
#查看所有卷的使用情况
docker volume list
查看卷的具体情况
docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2020-07-09T21:50:47+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
"Name": "juming-nginx",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
所有的docker容器内的卷,在没有指定目录的情况下,都在==/var/lib/docker/volumes/XXX/_data== 可以通过具名的方式轻松的找到对应的数据卷
#如何确定是具名挂载,匿名挂载,指定路径挂载
-v 名称:容器内路径 #具名挂载
-v 容器内路径 #匿名挂载
-v /容器外路径:容器内路径 #指定路径挂载
拓展:
#通过 -v 容器内路径:ro(rw)来改变读写权限
#ro readonly 只读
#rw readwrite 读写
docker run -d -p 8082:80 --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/ect/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -p 8082:80 --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/ect/nginx:rw nginx
#标记为ro 说明该路径只能通过宿主机改变,容器内无法进行操作
初始DockerFile
Docker File是用来构建docker镜像的构建文件,是命令脚本,通过这个脚本能够生成镜像文件,镜像是一层一层的,脚本一个个命令,每一个命令都是一层
#创建dockerfile文件,名字可随机
#输入文件内容 命令(命令都是大写的) [参数]
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
CMD echo "-------OK-------"
CMD /bin/bash
#每个命令都是镜像的一层
#启动自己的镜像
#可以看了,目录已经挂载成功,为匿名挂载
#使用 docker inspect 查看容器的详细信息
数据卷容器
#启动两个centos容器 mycentos镜像为自己制作的镜像,里面有两个挂载目录 volume01 volume02
docker run -it --name centos01 mycentos /bin/bash
docker run -it --volumes-from centos01 --name centos02 mycentos /bin/bash
#此时 两个容器的volume01和volume02目录就是共享的,双向绑定
注意:数据卷容器中的共享数据是备份的概念,当一个容器被删除后,另一个容器中共享的数据卷仍然存在
DockerFile
DockerFile介绍
dockerfile是用来构建docker镜像的文件,是命令参数脚本
构建步骤:
- 编写一个dockerfile文件
- docker build构建成为一个镜像
- docker run 运行镜像
- docker push 发布镜像(Docker Hub 阿里云仓库)
DockerFile构建过程
基础知识
- 每个保留关键字(指令)都必须是大写字母
- 从上到下顺序执行
- #表示注释
- 每一个指令都创建一个新的镜像层并提交
Dockerfile指令
常用指令
FROM # 基础镜像,从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER # 镜像作者,姓名+邮箱
RUN # 构建镜像时需要运行的命令
ADD # 添加内容
WORKDIR # 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # 镜像挂载目录
EXPOSE # 保留端口配置
CMD # 指定这个镜像启动时需要执行的命令,只有最后一个会生效,可被代替
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个镜像启动时需要执行的命令,可以追加命令
ONBUILD # 触发指令,当构建一个被继承的dockerFile时,就会执行ONBUILD指令
COPY # 类似ADD,将我们的文件拷贝道镜像中
ENV # 构建的时候设置环境变量
构建一个自己的centos镜像
#官方centos命令十分精简,进入后直接是根目录,无vim命令,无ifconfig命令
#1. 编写dockerfile文件
FROM centos
MAINTAINER shangjinghui<shangjinghui.com>
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tolls
EXPOSE 80
CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "------end------"
CMD /bin/bash
#2. 通过文件构建镜像
#命令
docker build -f dockerfile文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag]
#执行命令后会返回成功信息
Successfully built c23484f8a641
Successfully tagged mycentos:1.0
#测试
docker run -it 镜像名
pwd
/usr/local #进入系统后直接进入设定的工作目录
ifconfig #安装net-tools后,ifconfig命令可以使用
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 8 bytes 656 (656.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
vim test # vim命令可以使用
可以通过docker history 命令查看镜像创建历史
docker history 镜像名
docker history mycentos:1.0
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
c23484f8a641 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin… 0B
eae461bdaa62 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo… 0B
b7debad02a03 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo… 0B
b652be7af5d3 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B
e3b84c2591c9 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools 22.7MB
67e7df3f1900 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim 57.2MB
e83df0fffbbc 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local 0B
93388a72f24f 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYPATH=/usr/local 0B
37206cf522ab 10 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER shangjinghui<s… 0B
831691599b88 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
<missing> 3 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84700c11fcc969ac0… 215MB
CMD和ENTRYPOINT命令的区别
测试CMD
vim dockerfile-cmd #创建dockerfile文件
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]
docker build -f dockerfile-cmd -t cmdtest:1.0 . #创建镜像
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
---> 831691599b88
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
---> Running in 187f84052d05
Removing intermediate container 187f84052d05
---> e5e19b6690b2
Successfully built e5e19b6690b2
Successfully tagged cmdtest:1.0
docker run cmdtest:1.0 #创建容器 可以看出创建容器时直接执行了 ls -a 命令
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
#想要追加一个命令 -l 这样整个命令为 ls -al
docker run cmdtest:1.0 -l
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "exec: \"-l\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
#此时执行失败,在使用CMD的情况下,-l替换了CMD ["ls","-a"],而-l并不是命令,所以报错
测试ENTRYPOINT
vim dockerfile-entrypoint #创建dockerfile文件
FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
docker build -f dockerfile-entrypoint -t entrypointtest . #构建镜像
Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
---> 831691599b88
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
---> Running in 99a7638c98c2
Removing intermediate container 99a7638c98c2
---> 47a91d91ba6f
Successfully built 47a91d91ba6f
Successfully tagged entrypointtest:latest
docker run entrypointtest #运行镜像
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
#此时也成功执行了 ls -a 命令,输出文件
#进行追加命令测试
# docker run 镜像名 -l
docker run entrypointtest -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jul 10 06:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jul 10 06:42 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Jul 10 06:42 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 340 Jul 10 06:42 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Jul 10 06:42 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 11 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 02:35 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 98 root root 0 Jul 10 06:42 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 02:35 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jun 11 02:35 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 May 11 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Jul 10 06:42 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 4096 Jun 11 02:35 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 Jun 11 02:35 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4096 Jun 11 02:35 var
#此时成功执行ls -al命令, -l命令追加到了ls -a 命令之后
dockerfile中有很多命令都是类似的,最好的学习方式就是将他们进行对比,发现不同
实践:制作tomcat镜像
# 制作dockerfile文件
FROM centos
MAINTAINER shangjinghui<shangjinghui.com>
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
ADD apache-tomcat-7.0.105.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD jdk-8u241-linux-arm64-vfp-hflt.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_241
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.105
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.105
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.105/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.105/bin/logs/catalina.out
#制作镜像 成功后会有成功标志
docker build -t diytomcat .
Successfully built 53545ca83fb0
Successfully tagged diytomcat:latest
#启动容器
docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name shangtomcat -v /home/dockerfile/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.105/webapps/test -v /home/dockerfile/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.105/logs diytomcat
Docker网络
理解Docker0
测试
#三个网络,docker如何处理各个容器之间的网络连接
#测试
docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat
docker exec tomcat01 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
112: eth0@if113: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#可以看出,docker给tomcat容器分配了一个ip地址,测试主机能否ping通这个地址
ping 172.17.0.2
PING 172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.068 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms
#测试可以ping通
原理
我们每启动一个docker容器,docker就会给docker容器分配一个ip地址,我们只要安装了docker,就会有一个网卡docker0桥接模式,使用的技术是evth-pair技术
再次用ip addr测试,会发现多了一对网卡
#发现出现的网卡都是成对出现的
#evth-pair就是一对虚拟设备接口,他们都是成对出现的,一端连着协议,一端彼此相连
#利用evth-pair技术,可以充当桥梁,链接各种网络设备
#测试两个不同容器之间能否ping通,创建tomcat02容器,并获取ip地址
docker exec tomcat02 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
114: eth0@if115: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#进入tomcat01 进行测试
docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
ping 172.17.0.3
PING 172.17.0.3 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.069 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
#发现可以ping通
docker0网络模式理解图
–link
思考:当我们编写一个微服务,database url=ip,如果我们要更换数据库,但是不想重启项目,可否直接利用容器名来链接数据库,即,能否通过容器名来ping通两个容器
docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat02
ping: tomcat02: Name or service not known
# 此时我们发现时无法ping通的
#可以使用--link命令来连同指定两个容器之间的网络
docker run -P -d --name tomcat03 --link tomcat01 tomcat
docker exec -it tomcat03 ping tomcat01
PING tomcat01 (172.17.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat01 (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.095 ms
64 bytes from tomcat01 (172.17.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
# 此时,我们可以用tomcat03,ping通tomcat01,但是有一个问题,用tomcat01却无法ping通tomcat01
docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat03
ping: tomcat03: Name or service not known
#查看tomcat03 host配置文件,发现其绑定了tomcat01的IP,而tomcat01却没有绑定tomcat03的IP,因此无法ping通
docker exec -it tomcat03 cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2 tomcat01 7055b877e94e #绑定了tomcat01
172.17.0.4 ff019f754942
#现在开发不建议使用--link连接访问,一般使用自定义网络
自定义网络
#查看所有的docker网络
docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
7e5b2369bebf bridge bridge local
b5d6f4f7c334 host host local
84250b7fcd56 none null local
网络模式
- 桥接模式 :docker默认模式
- none:不配置网络
- host:与宿主机共享网络
# 创建自己的docker网络 --driver bridge表示桥接模式,为,默认模式,--subnet为子网,--gatewag为网关
docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
# 创建成功后可查看network
docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
7e5b2369bebf bridge bridge local
b5d6f4f7c334 host host local
2801740f9892 mynet bridge local
84250b7fcd56 none null local
# 在自己创建的网络中启动两个tomcat,在实验是否能够ping通
docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 --net mynet tomcat
db2490d5b403a1f2c055615277e6a6721f37b9b345afcb80a349e308f6daf00c
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat02 --net mynet tomcat
7396e63283d97b499c5b1afdc93bbea944b0ff97b809adc6a8d082e0209e20d3
docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat02
PING tomcat02 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.070 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
docker exec -it tomcat02 ping tomcat01
PING tomcat01 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
64 bytes from tomcat01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
# 此时发现tomcat01和tomcat02可以互相ping通
网络连通
创建如下网络模型
此时我们有两个网络,一个是docker自带的docker0网络,一个是我们创建的mynet网络,如何使得mynet网络下的tomcat01和docker0下的tomcat03能够互相ping通
# 可使用network connect 命令来连同一个容器和一个网络
docker network connect mynet tomcat03
[root@ecs-sn3-medium-2-linux-20191115151300 ~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat03
PING tomcat03 (192.168.0.4) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat03.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
64 bytes from tomcat03.mynet (192.168.0.4): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms
# 连同后可以互相ping通
# 本质是把tomcat03放入到了mynet网络中,此时tomcat03在docker0网络中也有IP地址。
# 一个容器,两个ip
实践:部署redis集群
模型图:
# 1 创建redis网络
docker network create --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 redis
# 2 编写redis脚本,创建集群
for port in $(seq 1 6);\
do \
mkdir -p /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf
touch /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
cat << EOF > /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
port 6379
bind 0.0.0.0
cluster-enabled yes
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip 192.168.0.1${port}
cluster-announce-port 6379
cluster-announce-bus-port 16379
appendonly yes
EOF
done
# 3 启动redis容器
docker run -p 637${port}:6379 -p 1637${port}:16379 --name redis-${port} -v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.1${port} redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
docker run -p 6371:6379 -p 16371:16379 --name redis-1 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-1/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-1/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.11 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
docker run -p 6372:6379 -p 16372:16379 --name redis-2 -v /mydata/redis/node-2/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-2/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.12 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
docker run -p 6373:6379 -p 16373:16379 --name redis-3 -v /mydata/redis/node-3/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-3/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.13 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
docker run -p 6374:6379 -p 16374:16379 --name redis-4 -v /mydata/redis/node-4/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-4/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.14 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
docker run -p 6375:6379 -p 16375:16379 --name redis-5 -v /mydata/redis/node-5/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-5/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.15 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
docker run -p 6376:6379 -p 16376:16379 --name redis-6 -v /mydata/redis/node-6/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-6/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf -d --net redis --ip 192.168.0.16 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
# 4 创建集群
redis-cli --cluster create 192.168.0.11:6379 192.168.0.12:6379 192.168.0.13:6379 192.168.0.14:6379 192.168.0.15:6379 192.168.0.16:6379