wiki 数学公式

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数学记号应该放在<math> ... </math>标记中


函数、符号及特殊字符

声调/变音符号

\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}\,\!
\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}\!

标准函数

\sin a \cos b \tan c\sin a \cos b \tan c\!
\sec d \csc e \cot f\sec d \csc e \cot f\,\!
\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j\,\!
\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n\!\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n\!
\operatorname{sh}o\,\operatorname{ch}p\,\operatorname{th}q\!\operatorname{sh}o\,\operatorname{ch}p\,\operatorname{th}q\!
\operatorname{arsinh}r\,\operatorname{arcosh}s\,\operatorname{artanh}t\operatorname{arsinh}r\,\operatorname{arcosh}s\,\operatorname{artanh}t\!
\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y\!\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y\!
\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g\!\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g\!
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n\!

模代数

s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}\,\!
a\,\bmod\,ba\,\bmod\,b\,\!

微分

\nabla \, \partial x \, \mathrm{d}x \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x\, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}\nabla \, \partial x \, \mathrm{d}x \, \dot x \, \ddot y\, \mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x\, \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial x_1\,\partial x_2}

集合

\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing\,\!
\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq\,\!
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus\,\!
\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup\,\!

运算符

+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - \,\!
\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot\,\!
\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}\,\!


逻辑符号

\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p\,\!
\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And\,\!

根号

\sqrt{x} \sqrt[n]{x}\sqrt{x} \sqrt[n]{x}\,\!

关系符号

\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=  \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}\,\!
< \le \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto< \le \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto\,\!
\lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox\lessapprox \lesssim \eqslantless \leqslant \leqq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox

几何符号

\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ\Diamond \, \Box \, \triangle \, \angle \perp \, \mid \; \nmid \, \| 45^\circ\,\!

箭头

\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to) \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow\leftarrow \rightarrow \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \,\!
\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff)\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \!
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow  \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow \!
\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\!
\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\!
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\!
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \,\!

特殊符号

\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots\,\!
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top\,\!
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar\,\!
\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement\,\!
\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp\,\!
\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown \vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown
\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge \blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge\!
\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes
\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant \rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant
\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq \eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq
\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft \fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft
\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot \Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \eqsim \gtrdot
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq \ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq
\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork \Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \between \shortparallel \pitchfork
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq \varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq
\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid \lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid
\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr \nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr
\subsetneq\subsetneq
\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq \ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq
\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq \succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq
\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq \nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus\,\!
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq\,\!
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel\,\!
\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner
\Coppa\coppa\varcoppa\Digamma\Koppa\koppa\Sampi\sampi\Stigma\stigma\varstigma\Coppa\coppa\varcoppa\Digamma\Koppa\koppa\Sampi\sampi\Stigma\stigma\varstigma

上标、下标及积分

功能 语法 效果
上标a^2\pagecolor{White} a^2
下标a_2\pagecolor{White} a_2
组合a^{2+2}\pagecolor{White} a^{2+2}
a_{i,j}\pagecolor{White} a_{i,j}
结合上下标x_2^3\pagecolor{White} x_2^3
前置上下标{}_1^2\!X_3^4\pagecolor{White} {}_1^2\!X_3^4
导数
HTML
x'\pagecolor{White} x'
导数
PNG
x^\prime\pagecolor{White} x^\prime
导数
错误
x\prime\pagecolor{White} x\prime
导数点\dot{x}\pagecolor{White} \dot{x}
\ddot{y}\pagecolor{White} \ddot{y}
矢量\vec{c}\pagecolor{White} \vec{c}
\overleftarrow{a b}\pagecolor{White} \overleftarrow{a b}
\overrightarrow{c d}\pagecolor{White} \overrightarrow{c d}
\widehat{e f g}\pagecolor{White} \widehat{e f g}
上弧
(注: 正确应该用 \overarc,但在这里行不通。要用建议的语法作为解决办法。)(使用\overarc时需要引入{arcs}包。)
\overset{\frown} {AB}\pagecolor{White} \overset{\frown} {AB}
上划线\overline{h i j}\pagecolor{White} \overline{h i j}
下划线\underline{k l m}\pagecolor{White} \underline{k l m}
上括号\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}\pagecolor{White} \overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}
\begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} 5050 \\ \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 } \end{matrix}
下括号\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}\pagecolor{White} \underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}
\begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26 \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z } \\ 26 \end{matrix}
求和\sum_{k=1}^N k^2\pagecolor{White} \sum_{k=1}^N k^2
\begin{matrix} \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 \end{matrix}
求积\prod_{i=1}^N x_i\pagecolor{White} \prod_{i=1}^N x_i
\begin{matrix} \prod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} \prod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}
上积\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i\pagecolor{White} \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i
\begin{matrix} \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i \end{matrix}
极限\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n\pagecolor{White} \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n
\begin{matrix} \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n \end{matrix}
积分\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x\pagecolor{White} \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x
\begin{matrix} \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x \end{matrix}\pagecolor{White} \begin{matrix} \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, \mathrm{d}x \end{matrix}
双重积分\iint_{D}^{W} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\pagecolor{White} \iint_{D}^{W} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y
三重积分\iiint_{E}^{V} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z\pagecolor{White} \iiint_{E}^{V} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z
四重积分\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z\,\mathrm{d}t\pagecolor{White} \iiiint_{F}^{U} \, \mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}y\,\mathrm{d}z\,\mathrm{d}t
闭合的曲线曲面积分\oint_{C} x^3\, \mathrm{d}x + 4y^2\, \mathrm{d}y\pagecolor{White} \oint_{C} x^3\, \mathrm{d}x + 4y^2\, \mathrm{d}y
交集\bigcap_1^{n} p\pagecolor{White} \bigcap_1^{n} p
并集\bigcup_1^{k} p\pagecolor{White} \bigcup_1^{k} p

分数矩阵和多行列式

功能 语法 效果
分数\frac{2}{4}=0.5\frac{2}{4}=0.5
小型分数\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5
大型分数(嵌套)\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a
大型分数(不嵌套)\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a
二项式系数\dbinom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}\dbinom{n}{r}=\binom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}
小型二项式系数\tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}\tbinom{n}{r}=\tbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}
大型二项式系数\binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}\binom{n}{r}=\dbinom{n}{n-r}=\mathrm{C}_n^r=\mathrm{C}_n^{n-r}
矩阵
\begin{matrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{matrix}
\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v\end{matrix}
\begin{vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{vmatrix}
\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v\end{vmatrix}
\begin{Vmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Vmatrix}
\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v\end{Vmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
0      & \cdots & 0      \\
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
0      & \cdots & 0
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots& \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &0\end{bmatrix}
\begin{Bmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{Bmatrix}
\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v\end{Bmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
x & y \\
z & v
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v\end{pmatrix}
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}a&b\\ c&d\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
条件定义
f(n) =
\begin{cases} 
n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\
3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd}
\end{cases}
f(n) =\begin{cases}n/2,  & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}
多行等式
\begin{align}
f(x) & = (m+n)^2 \\
& = m^2+2mn+n^2 \\
\end{align}
\begin{align}f(x) & = (m+n)^2 \\& = m^2+2mn+n^2 \\\end{align}
\begin{alignat}{3}
f(x) & = (m-n)^2 \\
f(x) & = (-m+n)^2 \\
& = m^2-2mn+n^2 \\
\end{alignat}
\begin{alignat}{3}f(x) & = (m-n)^2 \\f(x) & = (-m+n)^2 \\& = m^2-2mn+n^2 \\\end{alignat}
多行等式(左对齐)
\begin{array}{lcl}
z        & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z 
\end{array}
\begin{array}{lcl}z        & = & a \\f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}
多行等式(右对齐)
\begin{array}{lcr}
z        & = & a \\
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z    
\end{array}
\begin{array}{lcr}z        & = & a \\f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z    \end{array}
长公式换行
<math>f(x) \,\!</math>
<math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math>
<math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>

f(x) \,\!= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n = a_0 +a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots

方程组
\begin{cases}
3x + 5y +  z \\
7x - 2y + 4z \\
-6x + 3y + 2z
\end{cases}
\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}
数组
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
\hline
0&0&1\\
0&1&1\\
1&0&1\\
1&1&0\\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\\hline0&0&1\\0&1&1\\1&0&1\\1&1&0\\\end{array}

字体

希腊字母

斜体小写希腊字母一般用于在方程中显示变量。

正体希腊字母
特征 语法 效果 注释/外部链接
大写字母
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta\!
Α  Β  Γ  Δ  Ε  Ζ  Η  Θ
\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Omicron\Pi\!
Ι  Κ  Λ  Μ  Ν  Ξ  Ο  Π
\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega\Rho\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega\!
Ρ  Σ  Τ  Υ  Φ  Χ  Ψ  Ω
小写字母
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta\! 
\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron \pi\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\omicron\pi\! 
\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega\rho\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega\! 
异体字母
\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon 
\Theta\theta\vartheta\Theta\theta\vartheta 
\Kappa\kappa\varkappa\Kappa\kappa\varkappa 
\Pi\pi\varpi\Pi\pi\varpi 
\Rho\rho\varrho\Rho\rho\varrho 
\Sigma\sigma\varsigma\Sigma\sigma\varsigma 
\Phi\phi\varphi\Phi\phi\varphi\, 
已停用字母
\digamma\digamma
Ϝ [1]
粗体希腊字母
特征 语法 效果
大写字母
\boldsymbol{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta}\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta}
\boldsymbol{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Omicron \Pi}\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Omicron\Pi}
\boldsymbol{\Rho \Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}\boldsymbol{\Rho\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega}
小写字母
\boldsymbol{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta}\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta}
\boldsymbol{\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omicron \pi}\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\omicron\pi}
\boldsymbol{\rho \sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega}\boldsymbol{\rho\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega}
异体字母
\boldsymbol{\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon}\boldsymbol{\Epsilon\epsilon\varepsilon}
\boldsymbol{\Theta\theta\vartheta}\boldsymbol{\Theta\theta\vartheta}
\boldsymbol{\Kappa\kappa\varkappa}\boldsymbol{\Kappa\kappa\varkappa}
\boldsymbol{\Pi\pi\varpi}\boldsymbol{\Pi\pi\varpi}
\boldsymbol{\Rho\rho\varrho}\boldsymbol{\Rho\rho\varrho}
\boldsymbol{\Sigma\sigma\varsigma}\boldsymbol{\Sigma\sigma\varsigma}
\boldsymbol{\Phi\phi\varphi}\boldsymbol{\Phi\phi\varphi}
已停用字母
\boldsymbol{\digamma}\boldsymbol{\digamma}

黑板粗体

语法
\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}
效果
\pagecolor{White}\mathbb{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}

黑板粗体(Blackboard bold)一般用于表示数学和物理学中的矢量或集合的符号。 备注:

  1. \{ \,花括号\} \,中只有使用大写拉丁字母才能正常显示,使用小写字母或数字会得到其他符号。

正粗体

语法
\mathbf{012…abc…ABC…}
效果
\pagecolor{White}\mathbf{0 \ 1 \ 2 \ 3 \ 4 \ 5 \ 6 \ 7 \ 8 \ 9}
\pagecolor{White}\mathbf{a \ b \ c \ d \ e \ f \ g \ h \ i \ j \ k \ l \ m \ n \ o \ p \ q \ r \ s \ t \ u \ v \ w \ x \ y \ z}
\pagecolor{White}\mathbf{A \ B \ C \ D \ E \ F \ G \ H \ I \ J \ K \ L \ M \ N \ O \ P \ Q \ R \ S \ T \ U \ V \ W \ X \ Y \ Z}
备注
花括号{}内只能使用拉丁字母和数字,不能使用希腊字母如\alpha等。

斜粗体

语法
\boldsymbol{012…abc…ABC…\alpha \beta \gamma…}
效果
\pagecolor{White}\boldsymbol{0 \ 1 \ 2 \ 3 \ 4 \ 5 \ 6 \ 7 \ 8 \ 9}
\pagecolor{White}\boldsymbol{a \ b \ c \ d \ e \ f \ g \ h \ i \ j \ k \ l \ m \ n \ o \ p \ q \ r \ s \ t \ u \ v \ w \ x \ y \ z}
\pagecolor{White}\boldsymbol{A \ B \ C \ D \ E \ F \ G \ H \ I \ J \ K \ L \ M \ N \ O \ P \ Q \ R \ S \ T \ U \ V \ W \ X \ Y \ Z}
\pagecolor{White}\boldsymbol{\alpha \  \beta \  \gamma \  \delta \  \epsilon \  \zeta \  \eta \  \theta \  \iota \  \kappa \  \lambda \  \mu \  \nu \  \xi \  o \  \pi \  \rho \  \sigma \  \tau \  \upsilon \  \phi \  \chi \  \psi \  \omega}
备注
使用 \boldsymbol{}可以加粗所有合法的符号。

斜体数字

语法
\mathit{0123456789}
效果
\mathit{0123456789}\!

罗马体

语法
\mathrm{012…abc…ABC…}\mbox{}\operatorname{}
效果
\mathrm{0123456789}\
\mathrm{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ}\
\mathrm{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}\
备注
罗马体可以使用数字和 拉丁字母

哥特体

语法
\mathfrak{012…abc…ABC…}
效果
\pagecolor{White} \mathfrak{0 \ 1 \ 2 \ 3 \ 4 \ 5 \ 6 \ 7 \ 8 \ 9}
\pagecolor{White} \mathfrak{a \ b \ c \ d \ e \ f \ g \ h \ i \ j \ k \ l \ m \ n \ o \ p \ q \ r \ s \ t \ u \ v \ w \ x \ y \ z}
\pagecolor{White} \mathfrak{A \ B \ C \ D \ E \ F \ G \ H \ I \ J \ K \ L \ M \ N \ O \ P \ Q \ R \ S \ T \ U \ V \ W \ X \ Y \ Z}
备注
哥特体可以使用数字和拉丁字母。

手写体

语法
\mathcal{ABC…}
效果
\mathcal{ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPSTUVWXYZ}
备注
手写体仅对大写拉丁字母有效。

希伯来字母

语法
\aleph\beth\gimel\daleth
效果
\aleph\beth\gimel\daleth

括号

功能 语法 显示
短括号( \frac{1}{2} )( \frac{1}{2} )
长括号\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )

您可以使用 \left 和 \right 来显示不同的括号:

功能 语法 显示
圆括号,小括号\left( \frac{a}{b} \right)\left( \frac{a}{b} \right)
方括号,中括号\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right]\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right]
花括号,大括号\left\{ \frac{a}{b} \right\}\left\{ \frac{a}{b} \right\}
角括号\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle\left\langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle
单竖线,绝对值\left| \frac{a}{b} \right|\left| \frac{a}{b} \right|
双竖线,范\left \| \frac{a}{b} \right \|\left \| \frac{a}{b} \right \|
取整函数\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor
取顶函数\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil
斜线与反斜线\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash
上下箭头\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow\pagecolor{White}\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow
\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow\pagecolor{White}\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow
\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow\pagecolor{White}\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow
混合括号\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right |
\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right |
单左括号\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right .\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right .
单右括号\left . \frac{a}{b} \right \}\left . \frac{a}{b} \right \}

备注:

  • 可以使用 \big, \Big, \bigg, \Bigg 控制括号的大小,比如代码
\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| \frac{a}{b} \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )

 显示︰

\pagecolor{White}\Bigg ( \bigg [ \Big \{ \big \langle \left | \| x \| \right | \big \rangle \Big \} \bigg ] \Bigg )

空格

注意TEX能够自动处理大多数的空格,但是您有时候需要自己来控制。

功能 语法 显示 宽度
2个quad空格\alpha\qquad\beta\alpha\qquad\beta2m\
quad空格\alpha\quad\beta\alpha\quad\betam\
大空格\alpha\ \beta\alpha\ \beta\frac{m}{3}
中等空格\alpha\;\beta\alpha\;\beta\frac{2m}{7}
小空格\alpha\,\beta\alpha\,\beta\frac{m}{6}
没有空格\alpha\beta\alpha\beta\ 0\
紧贴\alpha\!\beta\alpha\!\beta-\frac{m}{6}

颜色

语法
  • 字体颜色︰{\color{色调}表达式}
  • 背景颜色︰{\pagecolor{色调}表达式}
支持色调表
Colors supported
\color{Apricot}\text{Apricot}\color{Aquamarine}\text{Aquamarine}\color{Bittersweet}\text{Bittersweet}\color{Black}\text{Black}
\color{Blue}\text{Blue}\color{BlueGreen}\text{BlueGreen}\color{BlueViolet}\text{BlueViolet}\color{BrickRed}\text{BrickRed}
\color{Brown}\text{Brown}\color{BurntOrange}\text{BurntOrange}\color{CadetBlue}\text{CadetBlue}\color{CarnationPink}\text{CarnationPink}
\color{Cerulean}\text{Cerulean}\color{CornflowerBlue}\text{CornflowerBlue}\color{Cyan}\text{Cyan}\color{Dandelion}\text{Dandelion}
\color{DarkOrchid}\text{DarkOrchid}\color{Emerald}\text{Emerald}\color{ForestGreen}\text{ForestGreen}\color{Fuchsia}\text{Fuchsia}
\color{Goldenrod}\text{Goldenrod}\color{Gray}\text{Gray}\color{Green}\text{Green} \pagecolor{Gray}\color{GreenYellow}\text{GreenYellow}
\color{JungleGreen}\text{JungleGreen}\color{Lavender}\text{Lavender}\color{LimeGreen}\text{LimeGreen}\color{Magenta}\text{Magenta}
\color{Mahogany}\text{Mahogany}\color{Maroon}\text{Maroon}\color{Melon}\text{Melon}\color{MidnightBlue}\text{MidnightBlue}
\color{Mulberry}\text{Mulberry}\color{NavyBlue}\text{NavyBlue}\color{OliveGreen}\text{OliveGreen}\color{Orange}\text{Orange}
\color{OrangeRed}\text{OrangeRed}\color{Orchid}\text{Orchid}\color{Peach}\text{Peach}\color{Periwinkle}\text{Periwinkle}
\color{PineGreen}\text{PineGreen}\color{Plum}\text{Plum}\color{ProcessBlue}\text{ProcessBlue}\color{Purple}\text{Purple}
\color{RawSienna}\text{RawSienna}\color{Red}\text{Red}\color{RedOrange}\text{RedOrange}\color{RedViolet}\text{RedViolet}
\color{Rhodamine}\text{Rhodamine}\color{RoyalBlue}\text{RoyalBlue}\color{RoyalPurple}\text{RoyalPurple}\color{RubineRed}\text{RubineRed}
\color{Salmon}\text{Salmon}\color{SeaGreen}\text{SeaGreen}\color{Sepia}\text{Sepia}\color{SkyBlue}\text{SkyBlue}
\pagecolor{Gray}\color{SpringGreen}\text{SpringGreen}\color{Tan}\text{Tan}\color{TealBlue}\text{TealBlue}\color{Thistle}\text{Thistle}
\color{Turquoise}\text{Turquoise}\color{Violet}\text{Violet}\color{VioletRed}\text{VioletRed} \pagecolor{Black}\color{White}\text{White}
\color{WildStrawberry}\text{WildStrawberry} \pagecolor{Gray}\color{Yellow}\text{Yellow}\color{YellowGreen}\text{YellowGreen}\color{YellowOrange}\text{YellowOrange}

注︰输入时第一个字母必需以大写输入,如\color{OliveGreen}

例子
  • {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x} - {\color{OliveGreen}1}
\pagecolor{White} {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x} - {\color{OliveGreen}1}
  • x_{\color{Maroon}1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{{\color{Maroon}b^2-4ac}}}{2a}
\pagecolor{White} x_{\color{Maroon}1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{​{\color{Maroon}b^2-4ac}}}{2a}

小型数学公式

当要把分数等公式放进文字中的时候,我们需要使用小型的数学公式。此功能并不常用。——应当推广此用法!

  • 10 的 f(x)=5+\frac{1}{5} 是 2。 ✗并不好看。
  • 10 的 \begin{smallmatrix} f(x)=5+\frac{1}{5} \end{smallmatrix} 是 2。 ✓好看些了。

可以使用

   \begin{smallmatrix}...\end{smallmatrix}

或直接使用{{Smallmath}}模板。

   {{Smallmath|f=  f(x)=5+\frac{1}{5} }}

强制使用PNG

假设我们现在需要一个PNG图的数学公式。
若输入 2x=1 的话:

2x=1
 这并不是我们想要的。

若你需要强制输出一个PNG图的数学公式的话,你可于公式的最后加上 \,(小空格,但于公式的最后是不会显示出来)。

输入  2x=1 \,的话:
2x=1 \,
 以PNG图输出。

你也可以使用 \,\!,这个亦能强制使用PNG图像。

阅读更多:Help:Displaying a formula#Forced PNG rendering

注释

  1. ^ 念作WawDigamma

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